海尔冰箱557(海尔冰箱557wdgsu1上市时间)

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北华大学2020年在山东录取分数线如下：

A1法学 最低分 555

B1思想政治教育 最低分 547

C1小学教育 最低分 535

E2汉语言文学 最低分 550

F1历史学 最低分 552

G0英语 最低分 537

G4西班牙语 最低分 536

G6日语 最低分 533

GC法语 最低分 529

GF俄语 最低分 522

GK朝鲜语 最低分 521

H1数学与应用数学最低分 539

H3统计学类 最低分 527

H4经济统计学 最低分 534

L1物理学 最低分 527

L2化学 最低分 537

M1机械类 最低分 519

M2工业设计 最低分 521

N4应用化学 最低分 518

N7家具设计与工程 最低分 511

P3电子信息工程 最低分 522

P4通信工程 最低分 523

P8机器人工程 最低分 521

Q2软件工程 最低分 524

Q3网络工程 最低分 525

Q4数字媒体技术 最低分 531

R3车辆工程 最低分 517

R4土木工程 最低分 522

R5工程管理 最低分 516

S1林学 最低分 518

S3风景园林 最低分 522

T1临床医学 最低分 558

T4医学影像学 最低分 557

T5预防医学 最低分 542

U1医学检验技术 最低分 537

V1护理学 最低分 517

W1药学 最低分 533

X0工商管理 最低分 534

X2国际经济与贸易 最低分 530

X4会计学 最低分 540

X8市场营销 最低分 524

XA物流管理 最低分 528

XC行政管理 最低分 532

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3. 海尔冰箱557wdgsu1讲解

象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏，有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种，不仅用具简单，趣味性强，而且还能锻炼人的记忆，培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念，所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择，那么如何学下象棋呢？

认识象棋

学下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则，这是学下象棋的基础。

象棋组成

棋盘

象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点，这90个交点为可落子处。

一盘未开局的棋如下图所示

棋子

帅（将）：帅（将）是棋中的首脑，是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动，可上可下，可左可右，每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面，否则走方判负。

仕（士）：仕（士）是将（帅）的贴身保镖，它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。

相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保护自己的帅（将）。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格，俗称“象飞田”。相（象）的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地，不能过河，且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子，就不能走，俗称“塞象眼”。

车：车在象棋中威力最大，无论横线、竖线均可行走，只要无子阻拦，步数不受限制。因此，一车可以控制十七个点，故有“一车十子寒”之称。

炮：炮在不吃子的时候，移动与车完全相同。当吃子时，己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子（无论对方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。

马：马走动的方法是一直一斜，即先横着或直着走一格，然后再斜着走一个对角线，俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点，故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住，马就无法走过去，俗称“蹩马腿”。

兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未过河前，只能向前一步步走，过河以后，除不能后退外，允许左右移动，但也只能一次一步，即使这样，兵（卒）的威力也大大增强，故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。

象棋术语

1、九宫：俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。

2、将军：一方子力去杀对方将或帅，迫使对方应着。

3、当头炮：即将任意一炮平至中路，威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内，所以当头炮的控制威力很强，也叫中路炮。

4、屏风马：两马分立于九宫的两侧，形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。

5、单边马：一马守中卒而另一马跳边，有左、右单边马布局的差别。

6、双边马：俩马一个跳九路，一个跳一路。

7、士角炮：平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。

8、仙人指路：先行一方起着挺象肩兵（左右皆可），试探对方的应着，就像“投石问路”一样。

象棋规则

吃子

1、无论什么棋子，通常只要根据行棋规则能走到的部位有对方的棋子就能吃掉对方的棋子。

2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法，比较特殊，需要中间隔有旗子（无论是己方的还是对方的棋子）才能吃掉对方的棋子。

将死和困毙

1、一方的棋子攻击对方的将（帅），并在下一步要把它吃掉，称为照将，或简称将。照将不必声明。

2、被照将的一方必须立即应将，即用自己的着法去化解被将的状态（而不能应将不顾，而走其它的棋子）。

3、如果被照将而无法应将，就算被将死（一方胜棋）。

4、轮到走棋的一方，无子可走，就算被困毙（无棋可走这方为输棋）。

胜负判定

1、一方的一个棋子准备吃掉对方的帅(将)，叫"将军”(check)，若对方的帅(将)不能逃脱，也 就是说无论如何"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将)，则为“将死”(checkmate)，吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。

2、如果轮到一方走，此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子，另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将)，则也判这方负。

3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子，那么也判这方负。

4、双方均无能力"将死”对方时，判和。

行棋规则

对局时，由执红棋的一方先走，双方轮流各走一着（双方各走一着，称为一个回合），直至分出胜、负、和，对局即算终了。

基本杀法

对面笑

对面笑的意思就是说，下棋时，乙方占据了九宫，九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护，这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则，来控制中路，再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。

双车挫

“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”，知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用，迅猛无比。如果有士保护，则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军，因此双车不能在一条直线上。

三车闹士

“双车挫”的用法，在整个棋局面临残局的时候，乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫，这时候如果攻击对方的中士，又以双车相配合，其攻击力量相当于三个车，故名三车闹士。

海底捞月

在无法攻破对方正面防御时，借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力，把子力运动到底线，在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法，称为“海底捞月”，也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”，是车、炮胜单车的杀法。

在车、炮胜单车的残局中，车炮一方通常要占据中路，再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走，而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。

夹车炮

双炮和车集中于一侧，用车和双炮交替将军，其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解，关键是有的时候车炮不在—侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。

大胆穿心

又称大刀剜心，就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士，逼对方用底士去吃车，从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将，则同样可将死。

铁门闩

利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线，攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力，也可破敌，称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。

千里照面

利用中炮和双车的威力，在有底士的一侧要杀，再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因为黑方可献中炮解杀。

双车肋士

一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后，弃车强行构成杀局，在实战对局中较为常见。

炮辗丹砂

以车炮侵入对方底线，借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力，从而将死对方，这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法，俗称“打剥皮”。

闷杀

一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结，自阻将(帅)的活动范围，用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位，习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。

重炮

重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上，一炮充当炮架，另一炮将军，或前炮将军后炮控制，将对方杀死。俗语说：重炮无垫子，就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。

前面所讲的夹车炮杀法，双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死，而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。

天地炮

天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路，一炮沉在底线，使对方的防守力量都被牵制住，然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见，也是威力最大的杀法之一，包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。

双将

双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来，同时从两个方向照将，从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种，初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻，经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势，就可以防止被双杀，同时还可以此双杀对手。

二鬼拍门

二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道，然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法，也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称，故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。

送佛归殿

送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军，把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”，但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。

三子归边

集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死，称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见，威力也最大。

马后炮

马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围，再以马为炮架，用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。

双马饮泉

双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门，另一马卧槽，然后双马互借威力，盘旋攻击而获胜的方法，也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。

挂角马

挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动，然后用马在士角位置将军，使对方将(帅)不安于位，然后运用其他子力把对方将死。

双车错杀

双车错杀的意思就是说，当对弈双方的将帅都暴露在对手面前的时候，我们可以利用车分占两线前后照将的办法，造成“双车错”的杀势。

卧槽马杀

所谓的“卧槽马杀”，就是将棋盘上的马跳到对方棋局下的下二路横线，在三、七路的竖线交叉的那个点上，将军，这时如有车、炮或其它棋子配合，可成卧槽马杀势。

挂角马杀

在下象棋的过程中，利用炮或者车或者帅镇中的力量，用它们来牵制对方棋局中的中士的活动，削弱其防御作用，然后用马到对方士角挂角将军，把对方将死的杀法，称挂角马杀。

八角马杀

马与对方的将、帅成田字对角的位置，把对方将帅困住，这样的马叫“八角马”。这时如有车、兵或其他棋子从纵向或横向照将，可成杀势。

先学残局

残局是决定胜负的最后阶段，学会残局就会懂得哪种局势可以取胜，怎样胜法。哪种局势可以成和，怎样和法。就不致于在可胜的局势下，错过取胜的机会，而遇到自己处于劣势时，运用技巧，创造条件达到求和目的。残局棋子较少，可动的棋子选择性不大，有时要动的棋子甚至带有强迫性。对初学者来说，就更容易集中精力去思考。初学者下棋一般没有什么计划，更谈不上战略战术，只是走到哪里算哪里，到了残局阶段，意味着一盘棋马上就要结束了。这个阶段决定一盘棋的胜负，往往都有一定的基本杀法。这对于初学者来说比较容易掌握。

学习基本杀法

最基本的杀法只有大概20多种。比如马后炮、双车错、钓鱼马、大刀剜心等。这是为了告诉你走到什么样就能杀死对方。学好了基本杀法，运用熟练，对残局和中局都很有帮助。

学习残局基本结论

学习的时候一定要明白哪些残局的结果是什么。哪些残局是必胜的，哪些残局是必和的，哪些一般是必胜，但有巧和的，哪些一般是和棋，但有巧胜手段的。除了知道这些结论还要知道怎么走，才能取胜，或者和棋。

学会运子

这个主要针对的是中残局过渡阶段。比如拿到一个残局，知道如何把自己没有过河的兵，通过子力的配合运过河。充分深入的了解马炮怎样配合，大子和兵卒怎样配合。这一点学好了，你就成为高手了。你会感悟到士象的防守有哪些弱点，怎样防守最强硬，怎样针对对方的问题进行攻击。当然，这需要很长的路，下好多年棋，经常总结才能有进步。研究棋谱的话，最好在有一定基础之后再看。一些江湖残局适合玩乐，真的学习的话还要进行归类总结， 这样才能进步更快。

布局常识

布局三原则

1、有利于进攻

2、有利于防守

3、有利于大子出动

在布局阶段，行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条，即为可行之着，如能符合两条或三条，则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则，就是坏棋，应给予摒弃。

布局三禁忌

车迟开

在象棋的子力中，车的威力最大，有“一车士子寒”之说，作为主力军，应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动，则对局势不利。

马躁进

马虽八面威风，但也有致命弱点，在布局阶段，由于子力较多，马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合，而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”，则易为对方所算。

炮轻发

炮具备远程战斗力，如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出，则减弱控制效果，貌进实退，反不及遥控威慑效率高。

步数的计算

在布局阶段，如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉，则会在步数上有所亏欠，对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响，因此要加以避免。

中局战略

抽吃战术

抽吃：走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将，不得不放弃被抽的棋子，蒙受子力损失，这种战术手段叫抽吃。

顿挫战术

走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地，而是先运到另外一个位置，待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后，再将其运至目的地的手段，称之为顿挫战术。

拦截战术

拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段，扰乱对方防卫；或在防守时，以运子等于段，切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。

牵制战术

通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段，称之为牵制战术。

闪击战术

所谓闪击就是，处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子，后方棋子得以攻击对手。

串打战术

串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力，牵制对方两到三个子，再调动其他子发动谋子攻击，对方往往很难避免失子。

捉双战术

捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段，它包括一子同时攻击对方两子，两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显，等对方发现被捉双，要想不失子已经晚矣。

运子取势战术

一方运用各种子力夺取主动而占得先手或优势，进而为谋子或制胜创造条件。在中局基本战术中称为“运子取势”。

兑子抢先战术

“兑子抢先”，一般指通过相等子力的交换来实现先后手的转换和形势优劣的转化等，通常包括交换谋子、兑子捉双、交换赚象、一车搏双(马炮或双马或双炮)等手段。

先弃后取战术

在对局中有计划地舍弃一子后，通过战术手段，或夺回一子、或取得攻势，以得到补偿，称为“先弃后取”，是中局阶段基本战术之一。

弃子攻杀战术

弃子攻杀，是在“宁失一子、不失一先”的战略思想指导下以子力换取先手攻势的一种战术。

规则战术

在实战中有意识地走成循环着法以得到于己有利的裁决手段，称之为规则战术。

残局战略

就全局而论，布局属于战略性的，残局属于战术性的。与中局不同的是，进入残局很难速战速胜，所以必须有个总的方针指导战术。

优则图胜、劣则谋和

“优则图胜，劣则谋和”，在以全部子力投入规模较大，变化较多，斗争较激烈的中局中，遂然作出这样的决定是缺乏结束战斗的现实意义的。到中残交界由之而进入残局的阶段，子力既较少，例胜例和的定式又将依次出现，战斗的性质已临近结束阶段，“优则图胜，劣则谋和”的战略决定，不但成为可能的，而且成为迫切需要的了。所以方针上决定了“优则图胜”，需要攻不忘守，戒骄戒躁，稳步巩固优势；决定了“劣则谋和”，又应不屈不怯，奋力争取上游。

均势不败，创造战机。

战略方针是依据实际形势而决定的。事实上优势可能变为劣势，那就要从图胜转为谋和；劣势可能变为优势，那就要从谋和转为图胜；均势可能失掉平衡，那又要转到“优则图胜，劣则谋和”的方针上来。总之，形势变，方针也要变，这叫做战略转换（临局去执行“优则图胜”的方针时，往往形势已走向不利了，仍然要坚持既定的方针，知进而不知退，以致遭到反击，胜负易位的情况是不少见的）。正因为形势有随时转变的可能，特别在双士（仕）、象（相）残缺，将(帅）位置不很正常，兵（卒）肩负了影响战斗的巨大任务，成为互相纠缠的局面之下，歧路较多，操算不易，一着或失，面目全非。均势中创造战机，切记要立足于不败之地，因势利用、谨慎从事。这是在掌握战略上必须有的警觉和修养。

好的对战心态

保持必胜气势

天下没有一定赢的棋，只有一定能赢的气魄和心态！为了胜利，就要下出必胜的气势，视野要开阔，计划要周密，行棋要果断，不要一味地惦记着眼前的得失，要机动、灵活、变通。

修身养性，切忌浮躁

有的棋手实战时一盘棋下得顺风顺水，便觉得局面都已占优，这时便愉快地哼着小曲、左顾右盼，在你注意力不集中的情况下，不是失去取胜良机就是出现昏招，形势顿时翻盘。接下来绝大多数棋手会立即要求再来一盘以求“报仇”，但是接下来的对局心态已失去了平常心，于是连下连败以致一败涂地。

具备谋略心机

谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略，也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。

1、真正的进攻就要有收获，就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展，这叫做攻有所获。

2、单纯的防守不好，具有反击的防守才真正具有威力，这叫做守中有攻。

3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手，敢于搏杀，这叫做勇者无畏。

4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候，选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候，选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理，这叫做利害选择。

5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路，熟练地运用各种技战术，使局面朝理想方向发展，这叫做捕捉战机。

6、中局作战过程中，要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识，该攻则攻 ，当守则守，进攻的线路，防守的要点，都在审局度势的范围之中。

7、多算胜，少算不胜。

8、善弈者攻心为上，攻城为下，心战为上，兵战为下。

9、以正合，以奇胜。

10、棋虽小道，棋品最尊。

11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深浅之说。

12、胜固可喜，败亦欣然。不怕输棋，就怕不敢下，不怕被打倒，就怕起不来。

用心专注

失去注意力，这不是一个战术或者战略错误，而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于，一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注，并且在必要时，他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题，下棋时候慢一些，多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。

时刻关注自己将帅的安全！

初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击，经常忘记了自己将帅的安全，从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住，在开始任何攻击之前，你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住，对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考，积极探究双方可能的计划。

不为外界干扰所动

象棋是个技艺的游戏，但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力，手段方法数不胜数。

避免受影响的方法是：

1、专注于棋盘，而不是对手本人。

2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。

3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为，要冷静思考应对。

入门必备书籍

1、《象棋入门》，金盾出版社。推荐指数：强烈推荐。

2、《自出洞来无敌手》，推荐指数：强烈推荐。

3、《象棋指归》，贾题韬著。高屋建瓴，文字优美。

4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是中国传统棋类益智游戏，有着悠久的历史。象棋属于二人对抗性游戏的一种，不仅用具简单，趣味性强，而且还能锻炼人的记忆，培养全局意识以及正确的竞争观念，所以学习下象棋是一个非常不错的选择，那么如何学下象棋呢？","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAw6GyQSUkiUK2fQGyCLfHb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"认识象棋","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMMm8QqUqwMYSCIK2wCNBQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学下象棋，第一步肯定是要了解象棋的组成和规则，这是学下象棋的基础。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUI08WC0IkQ02kh6byCzAxR"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋组成","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnug2COggQAmQIENoXhOKJUg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCKIkG26EsUeuuAuC2N86bh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋棋盘横线纵线形成9*10=90个交点，这90个交点为可落子处。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsuWIQeUEEQK2mkkZrzGnfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4dfd861f74be47478c2aa05b139fffbd","width":706},"text":"","id":"doxcnAiqG6oIei6yQOCm7VsJiYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiUwIKcUGqEIEVqqZwogff"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一盘未开局的棋如下图所示","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnScaIUYwc2WeQQzgmG0DqEf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋盘","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e388de8af0a34e26a7fa287bee0a68e4","width":830},"text":"","id":"doxcn6QCKOuWaCEk8IxTRxrIGDe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnusqUmkyGQQOWWCgMINma1f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"帅（将）：帅（将）是棋中的首脑，是双方竭力争夺的目标。它只能在九宫之内活动，可上可下，可左可右，每次走动只能按竖线或横线走动一格。帅与将不能在同一直线上直接对面，否则走方判负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEG0sGOi2M2sSvFaeUJf0Bk"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"仕（士）：仕（士）是将（帅）的贴身保镖，它也只能在九宫内走动。它的行棋路径只有九宫内的四条斜线。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnq86smoeqUqieIzKojBTZxd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"相（象）：相（象）的主要作用是防守，保护自己的帅（将）。它的走法是每次循对角线走两格，俗称“象飞田”。相（象）的活动范围限于河界以内的本方阵地，不能过河，且如果它走的田字中央有一个棋子，就不能走，俗称“塞象眼”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWMI80Uw64kkMaUlEDQeXuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"车：车在象棋中威力最大，无论横线、竖线均可行走，只要无子阻拦，步数不受限制。因此，一车可以控制十七个点，故有“一车十子寒”之称。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQYACCwsiKegk9Wc0lI7YeR"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮：炮在不吃子的时候，移动与车完全相同。当吃子时，己方和对方的棋子中间必须间隔1个棋子（无论对方或己方棋子），炮是象棋中唯一可以越子的棋种。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMoqS2yo8YEUyYR7T5v6eGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马：马走动的方法是一直一斜，即先横着或直着走一格，然后再斜着走一个对角线，俗称“马走日”。马一次可走的选择点可以达到四周的八个点，故有“八面威风”之说。如果在要去的方向有别的棋子挡住，马就无法走过去，俗称“蹩马腿”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYAmIy2S0koOKwBAvtCZpOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"兵（卒）：兵（卒）在未过河前，只能向前一步步走，过河以后，除不能后退外，允许左右移动，但也只能一次一步，即使这样，兵（卒）的威力也大大增强，故有“过河的卒子顶半个车”之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6qMCGY4ewYYg4sw1YW6Gvc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":450,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"棋子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4cd2917422344c2999808581b5a837d7","width":650},"text":"","id":"doxcnSIEa0Cy6aAwYk5A1AmYZGc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniiyyoO6mMoAIaH3fw5646E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、九宫：俩斜线连同周边方格组成的区域。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmSQwe4keYgIiSWn17SSUbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将军：一方子力去杀对方将或帅，迫使对方应着。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUMygICSK2ukISqtVFphBrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、当头炮：即将任意一炮平至中路，威胁对方九宫。这是一种常见的布局着法。由于将、帅行动限在“九宫”以内，所以当头炮的控制威力很强，也叫中路炮。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0iiUKs8ysUsOSM3nyChVcc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、屏风马：两马分立于九宫的两侧，形如“屏风”以拱卫京师。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuu8oQASyqmasaNCD1TsoYt"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、单边马：一马守中卒而另一马跳边，有左、右单边马布局的差别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIUS6giCqmWMwW4cHRkNdQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、双边马：俩马一个跳九路，一个跳一路。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWEEoqwS4sg2suKZbUGTHgg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、士角炮：平炮到九宫上俩点任意一点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcneQA6a6OCCgK8fLzqyhZNH9"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、仙人指路：先行一方起着挺象肩兵（左右皆可），试探对方的应着，就像“投石问路”一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0E8oUSuyIc62m0b6cWIGpd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":300,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋术语","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/74ade0935ed44c4b90b32bdc89a1e480","width":452},"text":"","id":"doxcn02s2G2K4Um6qKw88KeHPnf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0oIuQygAuCMGuOR4CjXTbd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"吃子","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcna0MISuCiyMw4QhXctjoPLf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、无论什么棋子，通常只要根据行棋规则能走到的部位有对方的棋子就能吃掉对方的棋子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsoUsACKESq6OSAACt9Izth"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、而唯一列外的是炮的吃棋方法，比较特殊，需要中间隔有旗子（无论是己方的还是对方的棋子）才能吃掉对方的棋子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmYUIo6iCkQUSOxDMefXAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":386,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"吃子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2dee0062ef7e48d08a812cb66fe98336","width":384},"text":"","id":"doxcnkqouiUOQcAIuAJcGBUv7rc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"将死和困毙","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8M2gOwMku62Ok53WMyRdwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一方的棋子攻击对方的将（帅），并在下一步要把它吃掉，称为照将，或简称将。照将不必声明。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEM2k86E0gScWwjbjG1L5xh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、被照将的一方必须立即应将，即用自己的着法去化解被将的状态（而不能应将不顾，而走其它的棋子）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0WiwguO8uQIWQNDxSS4dDe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果被照将而无法应将，就算被将死（一方胜棋）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsO4ag8OQ6QW86aHwrQ5yzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、轮到走棋的一方，无子可走，就算被困毙（无棋可走这方为输棋）。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQggOYOcYaKug19thPLBEd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":394,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"将死和困毙","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39cc9d85211d42b5a11c4677856e29a8","width":382},"text":"","id":"doxcnEqOecWOqG2KEYH88fDoTpg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"胜负判定","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngiAwssoKOKSQUhhDmx5uSb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、一方的一个棋子准备吃掉对方的帅(将)，叫\"将军”(check)，若对方的帅(将)不能逃脱，也 就是说无论如何\"将军”者在下一个回合都能吃掉对方的帅(将)，则为“将死”(checkmate)，吃掉对方帅(将)者判胜利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn28Sq4KSAsK8eoLvF0RCMkh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、如果轮到一方走，此时这方并没有被“将军”但其走无论任何一个棋子，另一方都能在下一个回合里吃掉他的帅(将)，则也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaMScM4AkKE8kgR2jEsgv0g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果轮到走棋的一方没有任何能够移动的棋子，那么也判这方负。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaqMiAmw28YMC2Rs74IqBxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、双方均无能力\"将死”对方时，判和。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcngg0cgQE8aKqQiokYdEHbyc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":681,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"胜负判定","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c0c08f6864bd47e19715528a616b557d","width":1021},"text":"","id":"doxcns4WsWCWqI8oA442w8QFdNd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqk0CqQ2ew0CGdTAkvTyVGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对局时，由执红棋的一方先走，双方轮流各走一着（双方各走一着，称为一个回合），直至分出","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"胜、负、和，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"对局即算终了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMwGu26MaaeEeEnntkGjPAf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":387,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"行棋规则","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/40f083edd8314437b55a37a7dfdee797","width":383},"text":"","id":"doxcnMoCgwiSeMq22snIwPR1Mhh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"基本杀法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOgsEI4wqSswm2J2a04G1zc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2CmAawUy6SY266QUo3BHqh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑的意思就是说，下棋时，乙方占据了九宫，九宫中有没有其他的棋子可以掩护，这时候就可以利用将和帅不可以碰面这个原则，来控制中路，再利用车、炮、兵等在对方将/帅所居的肋道上纵向照将而取胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2s0oOy2EU0EQQtHluW4VSf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"对面笑","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f64b826780da45ca9eb9a9bfaacd0f3f","width":1280},"text":"","id":"doxcnAQGqmwYMOmkyYlBBAKa0ee"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2uKE4Cc4gGK8aEnBWkGfOg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”就是利用两辆车交替“将军”，知道把对方的将或者帅杀死。“双车挫”可以早对方的将领没有其他多余的子或者没有士象的保护的时候使用，迅猛无比。如果有士保护，则需要其它的配合来破掉士。这种杀法由于双车要交替将军，因此双车不能在一条直线上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAkAuS2GYE2QuY5cc5UEqfd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":266,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车挫","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d60926d6ec2f4ebcb21cf0165f4214bb","width":232},"text":"","id":"doxcnmiAIeSgSaMQUOYF7xt0Aof"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkEiMsGwmCmk6mOTc89TA2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“双车挫”的用法，在整个棋局面临残局的时候，乙方的兵卒已经成功的进入九宫，这时候如果攻击对方的中士，又以双车相配合，其攻击力量相当于三个车，故名三车闹士。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkceumsioQ6QSm62c1BMDCf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":415,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三车闹士","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9284924a094c47b6b9c9eb648ccafd62","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn822uKO4eAOCoQvOuy7ylph"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMcA0Wmio24I4CkG9maZwSd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在无法攻破对方正面防御时，借助帅(将)对中炮的控制力，把子力运动到底线，在其帅(将)的背后发起攻击而取胜的方法，称为“海底捞月”，也叫 “沉底月”、“海底炮”，是车、炮胜单车的杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniIMa4Mu0CMUKGhSouCa2kb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在车、炮胜单车的残局中，车炮一方通常要占据中路，再用炮借车力在将(帅)底下将对方守护在肋线的车赶走，而后退车用对面笑杀法做成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncMKWOeoEM4GisXkW72eEye"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":414,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"海底捞月","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c27433b275bb4bb3a14216b99ec66d16","width":377},"text":"","id":"doxcn4woacqEgC6Ii4HgGnNe3Kh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwOuEyAAwO6KykJT3F3AX0c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双炮和车集中于一侧，用车和双炮交替将军，其形式与双车挫杀法相类似。这种杀法比较容易理解，关键是有的时候车炮不","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"在—","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"侧也可以通过运子构成杀势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSCcm8E6QWkQQQrGujOcr0c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"夹车炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f3f39193831d4674b8fa7db4db9754fa","width":875},"text":"","id":"doxcn8IIgmoGuc6g0wZD18LcLPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4uKSCcC2seKSisLa4naWae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"又称大刀剜心，就是车在其他子力的配合(主要是炮对对方象士的牵制)下强行杀对方中士，逼对方用底士去吃车，从而闪露出底线的空当再用其他子作杀。若其不用底士吃车而是拐将，则同样可将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4cGYmCi6iwgmYJxthFNMTg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":570,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"大胆穿心","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/fd9ffcf555fe4eeca708f3816b049dc8","width":518},"text":"","id":"doxcnYgys0CUWWYCoUXvtephYdd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEuAScmKSiicOC80OyNF0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮的威力控制中路，再用车封住将门后用其他子配合底线强行将杀。如果对方有一车守底线，攻击方有两只重叠的车再加上将(帅)之力，也可破敌，称为“露将三把手”或“连将三出车”。有时候也用兵来代替车控制将门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYmySQaSUcGIUc7Xp2Mhapd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":711,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"铁门闩","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/72ea52a0ae244572941b03e2cb9990bb","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnOOCG0weEeGiY6HKoIqPZ4e"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmOKYQmauCeIkOaIhRgdT4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"利用中炮和双车的威力，在有底士的一侧要杀，再弃车杀底士然后车正面照将成杀。这种杀法要注意的是对方中路是士象可用此杀法，但是如果中路是士和炮就不能采用，因为黑方可献中炮解杀。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKOOqcKaGAiaGaqAxYxPcMe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"千里照面","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/597bc561860449099e68ce796e3b4322","width":779},"text":"","id":"doxcnKmkgqMMwuqs6YtpFR40MWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMS6ueiOO2wWCIZTWCt1Yoc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方以双车侵入对方九宫两肋后，弃车强行构成杀局，在实战对局中较","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"为常见","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwqGeeQgOU48W4u85gUVP4K"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":706,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双车肋士","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a6aa7137c9834fbfaedf6bb629cf683c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0w60428uSoKqYDok0a09f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnisyewWSIEOSgmOfky9S6Pe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以车炮侵入对方底线，借助车的力量辗转扫荡对方的士象或其他子力，从而将死对方，这种杀法称为炮辗丹砂杀法，俗称“打剥皮”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaIK2ea62WQCWUzDFWbwUXd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":540,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"炮辗丹砂","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/144da202e6f248e586bd809ddbd34ac3","width":500},"text":"","id":"doxcn6M2qEYc0QSOc9ezDp8jBwA"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsW0ycsyEiSMIecgh9Wc7zb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一方通过将、要杀或弃子等攻击手段造成对方子力自堵将(帅)活动空间而一举将死对方的杀法。利用对方双士不适当的联结，自阻将(帅)的活动范围，用一炮将对方将(帅)杀死在原位，习惯称为“闷宫”。闷宫可以看作是闷杀的一种特殊形式。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn0QyIOea68Ew8cbgrxp2aMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"闷杀","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7d4fc483a3fa465f9073cbb4647a1ca9","width":884},"text":"","id":"doxcnoWusyuKSEQ4C2ZkDywXg9d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnKaUUmoIs0CiW6FtwAbftzb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮杀法指—方将双炮重叠于一条线上，一炮充当炮架，另一炮将军，或前炮将军后炮控制，将对方杀死。俗语说：重炮无垫子，就是指这种杀法所具有的威力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOOYskaAyIgK8OCArlTeIlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"前面所讲的夹车炮杀法，双炮在一条线上也是一种重炮杀法。两者的区别就在于夹车炮杀法是以车和双炮交替将军而把对方杀死，而重炮杀法是把对方将 (帅)固定于一条直线上用双炮将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6MuI2YkCS4I060AghdRLjb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"重炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8922c79abf634f8db9e00b640eba34b4","width":936},"text":"","id":"doxcnm0qyQWAy2wOoovfabNQfqc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2sYWcY2UYwEkijSa8AN9Zc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮杀法指攻击的一方一炮镇在中路，一炮沉在底线，使对方的防守力量都被牵制住，然后用其他子力配合而将对方将死的杀法。这种攻杀方法以车配合双炮攻击最为常见，也是威力最大的杀法之一，包括车到底线、出将再车杀中士这两种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoq6QoAyM6CKY82ooIIH0zc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":847,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"天地炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c80e5c00bc4e413cb4314fdb0f808a3f","width":828},"text":"","id":"doxcnOYseWsegiwc2C4msLFFm0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn6swgCeo2myUW8rpPJzqIuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双将指攻击的一方把自己的几个子组合起来，同时从两个方向照将，从而杀死对方。这种杀法是象棋杀法中比较凶悍的一种，初学者由于对一些杀法或者各子的攻杀能力还理解得不够深刻，经常一时不防被杀。如果掌握了一些双杀的基本形势，就可以防止被双杀，同时还可以此双杀对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnO22SoqI26Iw0UT6ch80wSb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双将","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6b170c9dd4644e54a4519a0196ce38db","width":878},"text":"","id":"doxcnyaK4Gm2i6Gye8PdFUDqC5d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEEE2mG6keKecrot8gcykKG"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门杀法指攻击的一方使双兵(卒)侵入对方的九宫后分别锁住两条肋道，然后再配合其他子力搏士而获胜的杀法，也称二鬼把门。因兵(卒)有小鬼之称，故而得名。三兵胜士象全最后就是用二鬼拍门的杀法取胜的。这个杀法用的较少。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOKcu88csW0GO6sG9CHOaLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":698,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"二鬼拍门","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cde02373da874ced82ea506c84b60ce2","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnK6QIw2CqYC864pBZocwYuE"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmgSAWuiem4KeQzqJcaT7Td"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿杀法是指兵(卒)借助其他子力的力量步步将军，把对方的将(帅)遏回原位而取胜的杀法。有的棋书称此杀法为“三进兵”，但远没有“送佛归殿”这——名称形象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnui40M2ikmW04QRT7tuUQ3c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"送佛归殿","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/eb9adccc087c475b8a8152d304f7a981","width":939},"text":"","id":"doxcn42YYmA6iuu202DLnX39D9c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUQmyWUQKa06KFsWpByIFDO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"集中三个不同子力于对方侧翼。联合作战而将对方杀死，称为三于归边杀法。三子以车、马、炮三子归边比较常见，威力也最大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn40kq064UMQUuMjRVquPmme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"三子归边","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3beccf4ae23c4ba196c1ab89ec976127","width":876},"text":"","id":"doxcn4MUuGo4C6CQMIh0ud2LNub"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuUIeaummuuEEQvI9zEBhcg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮杀法指攻击的一方先用马控制住将(帅)的活动范围，再以马为炮架，用炮杀死对方。这种杀法在象棋实战中是最为常用的一种杀法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK6Q8Yua6ieKGwd2b3WTh5k"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"马后炮","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c8afdf8e77af4eee9c4a2497c217e447","width":885},"text":"","id":"doxcnW8AGCEwSycaE4CsPbno0RD"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwcc2KiUuGeiwugqvl5xs9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉杀法是指用一马控制将门，另一马卧槽，然后双马互借威力，盘旋攻击而获胜的方法，也是双马胜士象的最基本方法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYoYC2OWA2UMY8QWU6hNqac"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":576,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"双马饮泉","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/6a08f84a098647fbb33655037a36c818","width":517},"text":"","id":"doxcnawMAkQeQmuUw89plSEFelf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCUwUGwwO4wKKQLKQpiEbme"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马指攻击一方借助车、炮、将(帅)等子力牵制对方中士的活动，然后用马在士角位置将军，使对方将(帅)不安于位，然后运用其他子力把对方将死。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnESmec4uGoag8KSdVEhK9Db"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1024,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"挂角马","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9d86168c7ceb42ecbfac734267fc0de7","width":877},"text":"","id":"doxcncQ6mkYGEiwQYgkUwGmcztb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"双车错杀","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnquo4suw2uCIyGiNuwz12vb"},{"type":"paragraph","ch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这样才能进步更快。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnuO2eKoawwuASyKqLH3Hxdd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":596,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"学会运子","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b600792a814445128728182e2db7f34c","width":640},"text":"","id":"doxcnKOSsUGgmacuk21xemhyfYc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局常识","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4YoAgQcoYUe44rA6tKRzWf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWA8Ycy4eSyWmiYBjCgeizc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、有利于进攻","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2cYwe0oqCaSKuQKyUbanjf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、有利于防守","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWa084skkCYg2gBtG1JO5k3"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、有利于大子出动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWWkUMQymEQ6eKTWneuRZf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段，行棋走子只要符合布局三原则中的一条，即为可行之着，如能符合两条或三条，则可称上佳之手了。但行棋如违背三原则，就是坏棋，应给予摒弃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkuCIo0WeUs4qywrXkSVuyc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"布局三禁忌","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnIMQckWcyge0IyIbzitCFve"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"车迟开","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnmkUmMQIiqaMqQbWGcc6jae"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在象棋的子力中，车的威力最大，有“一车士子寒”之说，作为主力军，应该尽早开出投入战斗。如果迟迟不动，则对局势不利。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsyeII68quMmMmQ2c7EuvNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"马躁进","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnOIkyimuUwyuU4ENc5R7Qbf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"马虽八面威风，但也有致命弱点，在布局阶段，由于子力较多，马的行进道路多有堵塞之虞。如果不能与其它棋子配合，而贸然冲入敌阵“孤马出群”，则易为对方所算。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnW6I2uwcmos2e8jllSOajLd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮轻发","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnCccK806akMoQuG57tfzkQh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"炮具备远程战斗力，如果在布局阶段贪小利而轻易发出，则减弱控制效果，貌进实退，反不及遥控威慑效率高。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqWMAaE6Q2gGqQHEYE5RnNf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcncw4SUMkokumIa8eT4UH0eh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在布局阶段，如果己方走动步数较多的棋子与对方走动步数较少的棋子兑换掉，则会在步数上有所亏欠，对以后的棋局发展有不利的影响，因此要加以避免。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4gGs0OWoUWQoUdUP9OdpMb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":684,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"步数的计算","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9a8e33a067244d4cae7cad7befdef70e","width":1024},"text":"","id":"doxcn0sKmKSsAiy0mQxny9ksbOg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"中局战略","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnMSuGCekE2WSaSssy9ZKQ7u"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqCcoQImEuOEwgX2KDQFxob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"抽吃：走动一子后一面照将一面要捉吃对方棋子。对方为了应将，不得不放弃被抽的棋子，蒙受子力损失，这种战术手段叫抽吃。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkUQsuuKIsimU4kRvtzx4Qb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"顿挫战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAusKsAyIEMuiK4jHRkDGwf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"走子过程中不急于把子力直接运到目的地，而是先运到另外一个位置，待对方某子因此而被迫走到一个不利地位以后，再将其运至目的地的手段，称之为顿挫战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWUww606A02ks0s89FnbX6b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcny6yuw6Ws6QQ6QtnbB53L5f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"拦截指在进攻时以袭击的手段，扰乱对方防卫；或在防守时，以运子等于段，切断对方子力联系的战术称为拦截战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4mWSMQEuUWeIYZJfYT3Wke"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"牵制战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnY6owyWiMCmawwtGYtVexTh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"通过用自己的子力来限制对方某些子力的活动自由以达到得子、扩先等一定作战目的的手段，称之为牵制战术。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnImYCsWUa6gmUmelYFlXRRh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"闪击战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnYieoQsc4WCUwqqwdGkmtag"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓闪击就是，处在前方的棋子突然闪开而露出后方棋子，后方棋子得以攻击对手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8oIImy0MWOIcGKm9I1GVjf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn820q6uGemSWuw3N9ZekFsc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"串打是谋子战术中常用的一种方法。它是用车、炮两种直线活动的射程较长的子力，牵制对方两到三个子，再调动其他子发动谋子攻击，对方往往很难避免失子。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnE42omwqou4GG2Vku3292Wh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双战术","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnaGG4GuWWGkkweW9Wfwb5Qd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捉双是象棋中残局里较为常见的谋子手段，它包括一子同时攻击对方两子，两子分捉对方两子等形式。由于它的战术目的非常明显，等对方发现被捉双，要想不失子已经晚矣。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8i0Sm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","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsYoci2yeG66YKyzs1XVBze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"谋略是为创造有利条件而实行的全盘性行动的计划和策略，也就是创造致胜条件。这需要长期的对弈、总结、打谱的积累。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcniEwo868QIMKqGKYir9bILh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、真正的进攻就要有收获，就要使局面朝着有利于自己的方向发展，这叫做攻有所获。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnC8oYy0KiwoQsKybXkjLAVg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、单纯的防守不好，具有反击的防守才真正具有威力，这叫做守中有攻。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2Swkgo8aMI8iaih5chojgb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勇敢的人不惧怕任何对手，敢于搏杀，这叫做勇者无畏。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnqC4QuaCk4g8MgnR52KuB8c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、在面对可能出现两种有利局面的时候，选择最大程度有利于自己取得胜利的局面。在面对可能出现两种不利局面的时候，选择最小程度不利于自己的局面。特别注意局部服从全局的道理，这叫做利害选择。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnguwqwMisqa66CxgvkAcu6B"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、寻找出进攻的机会和线路，熟练地运用各种技战术，使局面朝理想方向发展，这叫做捕捉战机。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU6A6i0ggoQ4YmqnXSdxj5c"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、中局作战过程中，要时常对当前局面有清醒地认识，该攻则攻 ，当守则守，进攻的线路，防守的要点，都在审局度势的范围之中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAiecymq62SecG4YLvGYGQd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、多算胜，少算不胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnkqk4SCuqkii48TBGzS1eZd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、善弈者攻心为上，攻城为下，心战为上，兵战为下。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnK0mWaMI4E8wI22YAFsWdKA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、以正合，以奇胜。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnQwSc68EuscKc2f3PuBj0Cc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"10、棋虽小道，棋品最尊。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8QGSe64AGwq6MbfzdHY5ih"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"11、棋品如人品，人品有高低之分，棋品有深浅之说。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnoiMyaAGu8gmMExlZl46x7C"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"12、胜固可喜，败亦欣然。不怕输棋，就怕不敢下，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"不怕被打倒，就怕起不来。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWqUuI0agCiGYkJV3pEqdTc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":575,"note":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"具备谋略心机","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf31d79c29224c96842f2cb736f717ad","width":831},"text":"","id":"doxcnMCQqAi0mWq6eme5pDIxHAd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用心专注","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyy6AOcGaQWSeWsJBCGzwye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" 失去注意力，这不是一个战术或者战略错误，而是一个致命的错误。保持专注考验的是棋手的身体与心理两个方面的能力。专业棋手与初学者之间的差别在于，一般经验丰富的专业棋手在整场比赛中都可以保持专注，并且在必要时，他可以计算所有变化并选择正确的着法。而初学者则往往会失去注意力并且往往会犯错误。要解决这个问题，下棋时候慢一些，多下长时间的对局以训练保持注意力。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnu6yE8yKIi2gk4zkY8mzZlg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnk0g8kAUCAmsAOaYOOkrJWh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者总是喜欢疯狂地攻击，经常忘记了自己将帅的安全，从而结局总是悲伤的。请记住，在开始任何攻击之前，你必须首先确保将帅的安全。请记住，对手的每一步都可能隐藏着威胁。要积极计算与思考，积极探究双方可能的计划。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA4aYWyWIQMe2klLd73uXvh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":422,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"时刻关注自己将帅的安全！","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8f7f2965dd6648688124fd7695abd976","width":600},"text":"","id":"doxcnWMkkwYocACu0gx2eLuP4dh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnEwUQaKg0koGaCGlbCEEhNb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOi82oMs8KUQoXz7crDiie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"象棋是个技艺的游戏，但是心理影响在对弈时起着非常重要的作用。现在比赛里对手为了给对手施加心理压力，手段方法数不胜数。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnUOEmIQ6Gw44CYfoIoNpJJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"避免受影响的方法是：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn8ygWkK0wACQSQtZnt848ld"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、专注于棋盘，而不是对手本人。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnU02YOwEw48K8lUApsAVgML"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、总是按对手要走出最好的招法来想棋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnsWkqeoye8uS2k5ogACsKPf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、如果对手有任何影响你的行为，要冷静思考应对。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnyUE2UuuAYQca6xNHs2Pkjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":642,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"不为外界干扰所动","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d5d74c7015064a2fbe3614300a13f5f1","width":960},"text":"","id":"doxcnkw6MAOkw2GecqQLIgeEqqf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWyUGECsYYImyqId71uxBgd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、《象棋入门》，金盾出版社。推荐指数：强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnSi0YIk4I6G28N2XuQlC5m3"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":500,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/15ea266394924f2d82ecc676a9078be1","width":345},"text":"","id":"doxcnyoCSgUy8kwEOCWYGvMca1y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、《自出洞来无敌手》，推荐指数：强烈推荐。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnA8YcmoOGOKkIv8xRWoakjS"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":1175,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/68764a292c5d4595961ead4fc7cb56ca","width":792},"text":"","id":"doxcngGug0CqQyuk24QmhydNqfb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、《象棋指归》，贾题韬著。高屋建瓴，文字优美。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnWamguIEKgWymCzhqkVW5R2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":426,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cf6ab896b096454f95735746ee919d77","width":312},"text":"","id":"doxcnCYOSUoEcIyuWyGotQEIPlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnAI4gUUWWIQQWItDrNWIPpf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、《橘中秘》《梅花谱》提高残局最佳棋书。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnem8KaWuG4um4dlYl8tXDAH"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":584,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"入门必备书籍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5c6801a0934041ed8d2724951d11c0b1","width":804},"text":"","id":"doxcnKCWmAo4IQkwASKPH7eYVue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnwsOOQCU86IkOO4ur3ZWibh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcnm2cQgq8uQkQ2QTG8dhypWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn2k2QeECwciuuYwH80MOcEE"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"doxcn4OM4woImcIooSIIRDCu1Rc"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

4. 海尔冰箱552wdgsu1怎么样

书法有硬笔书法与毛笔书法之分，硬笔指的就是那种笔头坚硬的笔，例如钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等，而毛笔的笔尖非常柔软有弹性。硬笔的线条表现可以借鉴毛笔的笔法，所以如果要认真学书法，建议先学毛笔书法。

区别与联系

两者的区别

毛笔书法和硬笔书法有着不一样的地方，以下是他们的区别。

材质不同

毛笔多用羊，兔，鸡，黄鼠狼等动物的毫毛制成的，所以笔尖比较软，而硬笔则以金铜铁等硬质材料制成，所以笔头比较硬，例如常见的钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等。

线条质感不同

毛笔线条质感柔软丰润，笔画或飘若行云或雄厚稳健，刚柔相济、有血有肉。由于毛笔伸缩性大，笔头可舒可敛，所以其笔画宽窄，大小悬殊线面并用表现丰富。而硬笔的笔迹质感坚实挺秀，骨感强烈，硬笔笔尖开合能力较小，笔画粗细均匀，线条明快简约。

用途不同

毛笔书法一般字形较大，篇幅较大，易于欣赏，适用于练字作画，并且多适合写大字，而硬笔比较适合练习小楷等等，而且书写方便还便于修改，基本不受纸张限制，故广泛用于各行各业。

两者的联系

硬笔书法之所以被称为书法，是因为它和毛笔书法之间有着不可分割的联系。

1、 他们都是以汉字为载体，把汉字作为表现对象。

2、 两者虽然笔法不同，但结构规律和章法基本一致。

3、 硬笔的线条可以借鉴毛笔的笔法。

学习毛笔书法

古人云:“取法乎上，仅得其中，取法乎中，仅得乎下”。

毛笔书法是中国沿袭千年的文化艺术，凝结了中华民族的智慧，是一门独特的线条造型艺术，被誉为“无言的诗，无形的舞，无图的画，无声的乐”。一支毛笔，界破虚空，在纸上挥洒出千变万化的线条，能给书写者和观赏者带来莫大的精神享受。

准备学习工具

初学者想要学好毛笔字，首先需要准备一些写毛笔字用到的文房四宝等工具。

主要材料和工具如下：

1、毛笔：笔的大小、笔锋长短、笔毫的软硬都要根据自己所写字体来选择；

2、墨：墨汁建议选择好一些的，有利于行笔；

3、纸：宣纸，生宣熟宣以及几成熟都是根据字体来选择，具体可以咨询售卖的店家。同时建议刚开始使用毛边纸练习，节约成本；

4、砚：主要用于盛墨汁及蘸笔、舔笔；

5、笔洗：盛清水，用于清洗毛笔；

6、毡子：毛毡，垫在纸下面，防止弄脏书案，以及“跑墨”；

7、镇纸：压住纸张，可减少纸张的皱褶对写字的影响；

8、此外，根据需要，还有笔架、印章、印泥、字帖等。

工具介绍

1、毛笔

所谓文房四宝中的第一件那就是“笔”，学习毛笔书法，我们当然要准备好毛笔这个最基本的物件，我们在选择毛笔上要注意毛笔的大、中、小之分，不同大小的毛笔，对于创作的作品，写出的字也是有所不同的，像特大的斗笔和提笔，就适合书写一些匾额或者是大字。

毛笔也可以按笔锋来分，毛笔有长锋、中锋、短锋之分，长锋写出的书法作品线条比较流畅，短锋写出的作品比较浑厚，中锋写出的作品中和了长锋和短锋毛笔的优点，所以初学毛笔书法的朋友们，比较建议选择狼毫中锋毛笔，比较方便日常的练习，更容易上手。

毛笔的种类

硬毫笔笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。

A、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。

B、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。

C、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。

其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。

软毫笔笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。

A、羊毫笔羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。

B、鸡毫笔鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。

C、胎毫笔胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝萧子云就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。

D、兼毫笔笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。

好的毛笔的要求：

1、笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。

2、将笔头沾水捏扁，笔端的毛整齐无不齐现象。

3、笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。

4、笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。

2、墨汁

古人多是在写字前先磨墨，现在写书法多选用墨汁，写起来要简单省力很多，练字的墨汁和创作作品不同，可以按自己的经济情况，选择自己经济条件能够接受的墨汁即可，练习毛笔书法不是一朝一夕可以练习好的，所以墨汁也是一个消耗品。

3、宣纸

练习书法常用的是宣纸，宣纸大家在选择的时候要注意，宣纸分为生宣、熟宣、半生半熟宣纸，不同工艺制作而成的宣纸，写出来的效果也是不同的，初学者比较建议选择半生半熟的宣纸，比较适合书法的书写和练习。

4、砚台

砚台是用来盛放墨汁的，古代人是要用砚台来磨墨，可我们现在写书法基本用的都是墨汁，所以在砚台的选择上，我们可以选择带盖子及水槽的火锅砚，这样可以让我们的墨汁干得慢一些，不会照成不必要的浪费。

火锅砚中间部位是用来放墨汁的，外圈一圈是用来加水的，每次写完字后，直接用盖子盖好，这样可以减慢墨汁干硬的速度，方便我们下次使用，对于初学者每日练习书法还是很适用的，不需要每天去重新加墨汁，既帮我们节约了时间，也帮我们节约了墨汁，不会照成浪费。

5、毛毡

练习毛笔书法，我们是用毛笔蘸取墨汁书写的，所以为了防止有墨汁透过纸弄脏桌子，所以建议大家配上一块毛毡，写字前先将毛毡铺在桌子上，然后再铺上宣纸练字。

6、镇纸

镇纸是我们在练习书法的时候，用来压住纸张，防止纸张晃动移位的，镇纸的材质也比较多，价格上差距也比较大，大家根据自己的喜好选择即可。

7、笔搁

笔搁也叫笔托，我们在练习书法的时候，毛笔上是沾了墨汁的，这个时候你如果将毛笔放在桌子上，或者纸上，毛笔上的墨汁就会把桌子或者宣纸弄脏，所以我们要准备一个笔搁，在我们写累了，暂时不写的时候，将带着墨汁的毛笔放在笔搁上，给我们一个放笔的地方。

8、笔架

笔架是用来悬挂毛笔的，我们每天练习完书法，会将用过的毛笔清洗干净，为了下次使用起来方便，我们可以将毛笔挂在笔架上，这样我们下次书写的时候，就比较方便我们选择自己需要的毛笔了，笔架即是放置毛笔的支架，也是一种装饰摆件，大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择自己中意的笔架。

9、字帖

字帖是我们练字临摹用到的模板，在选择字帖上大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，每个人对于不同的书法字体的喜好都有所不同，所以大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，我个人比较建议初学者从唐楷入手练习。

学写毛笔书法

学习书法首先要有一个正确的书写姿势，要求头正、身直、臂开、足安;

其次就是掌握正确的执笔方法，只有这样才能更好地学习书法。执笔方法的正确与否，直接关系到书写的效果，所以历代书家都很重视握笔姿势。

握笔姿势

现代学习书法所谓正确的握笔姿势指的是就是“五指握笔法”。

五指握笔法简单的说就是五个手指都有各自的用途。

大拇指握笔时候应该起到一个按的力量，力的方向是食指和中指的中间部分。

食指握笔的时候是起到了一个勾的力量，力的方向是大拇指方向。

中指握笔第一二节包裹的笔管，三指其实就可以拿住笔了。

无名和小拇指起到的一个稳定扶住的作用。

握笔姿势图

我们可以根据一套正确的握笔姿势图来学习一下拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。

1.右手伸开手掌，四指自然并拢，大拇指自然向上。

2.自然的将右手无名和小拇指进行弯曲，并中指食指，自然稍有弯曲。

3.左手拿笔直接放到中指和无名指处，垂直右手拿笔。

4.大拇指按压笔管，感受上面我们我们讲的几个手指的作用。

经常学习毛笔的话有几天的时间手指就会习惯拿笔的姿势，前期可能会有所不舒服，只要掌握好几个手指的位置和力量，稍加练习就学会了，以上就是拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。

练习笔画

初学毛笔书法，我们往往不知道从哪方面入手，怎么去学。不少人一开始就临摹字字帖，这当然可以，但没有领悟到书法的精髓。那么，对于初学毛笔书法，我建议要分五步来学。

第一步，首先学写“横”的笔画。横分为短、中、长三种，短横要粗，长横要细，中要匀。要把握横的起笔和落笔要领，也就是露锋和回锋（藏锋）的技巧。起笔要慢，走锋要匀，收笔要慢而有劲，不拖泥带水。

第二步，要学好“竖”的笔法，竖主要分为悬针竖和垂露竖，当然还有其他写法，如点竖等。竖的起笔绝大多数是逆锋运笔。关键是竖的收笔，悬针竖收笔如飞机离开跑道一样，轻轻收笔露尖。垂露竖侧行笔至末端轻轻回笔稍顿藏锋，如一个人走到路的尽头伸个懒腰再往回走。

第三步，要学好“点”的几种写法，点的写法一般分为左点、右点、长点。点的写法看似简单，实际很讲笔锋。有些是笔锋轻入重出，如右点、左点，要求起笔轻而细，收笔重而有形，就如打太极拳一样。

第四步，要注意横、竖、点的头尾比例，哪头大哪头小，做到心中有数，行笔才有形。另外，还要把握笔划之间的间隔和连接要领掌握好。

第五步，要把握字的偏旁部首的基础写法，基础不牢地动山摇。偏旁部首写好了，才能认真去领悟字体的结构，笔划少的字要浑厚方正，笔划多的字要精细雅致。

熟悉结构

优美的结构也是书法艺术的核心，结构可以分为：主次、布白和变化三部分

1、主次。

任何事物都有主次之分，书法也讲究主次分明。一字之中总有一至三个突出的重点笔，这些笔画一般要求写得舒展挺拔，凸显整字精神，其他笔画要稍收敛一些。

2、变化。

变化如同一片森林，找不到完全相同的两棵树，一棵树上找不到完全相同的两片树叶。书法上也要求有变化。如长短、轻重、粗细、大小、角度、快慢变化等，变则生。

3、布白。

布白均匀，一字之中笔画分布均匀，空间分割平均。篆刻中讲“分朱布白”、“计白当黑”，正是此意。

临摹字帖

学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖，全凭自己想法随意写，是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力，要持之以恒，戒骄戒躁，不能一曝十寒。

学好书法要点

1、练眼

练眼即认真读帖，读帖是学习书法过程中的一种手段也是一种能力的培养。读的帖越多，眼力提高得就会越快,就知道了如何才写好，好在哪里？眼高手低也是练不好字的，是因为他发现了美而不能通过手去表现，美也成了天方夜谭了。

2、练脑

孔子曰：“学而不思则岡，思而学则殆”。我们在练字的时候，要深入观察，仔细分析古人的笔法与技法，把写得好的范字形体深深地刻在大脑里，无论何时，一旦提到这个字，马上就会想出生这个字在字帖上的形状，要做到脑中有字帖，胸有成竹，一挥而就。

3、练手

练字必须要心手合一，练手就要达到心手一致。练手同时也提高了眼力与脑力，还锻炼了手腕的发力及手威。练手感是让大脑去指挥手的灵活性与表现力，感觉到了笔便成了手的一部分，轻重快慢运用自如，写出你想要表达的效果。

4、练习章法

书法讲究章法，注重章法之美，不同的布局，可以形成不同的艺术风格。如有的章法大小疏密，错落其间，如郑板桥的书体。有的章法行间茂密，左右映带。如王羲之的《兰亭序》。有的章法富于韵律，结构与意境之美。好的书法能给人一种美的享受。

书法练习要有恒心，有毅力，要练好扎实在基本功。须知:一日练功一日功，一日不练十日空。在掌握了字体结构的基础上，可以选择自己喜欢的字体坚持不懈的练下去，轻易不要变换字体。因为一旦变换字体，又得从头练起。要学用结合，练写合一，很多人练字的时候写得很好，实际应用的时候不按照规范、瞎写一气，这们是永远练不好字的。练过的字平时用到了，应该写的像练时那样好，练一个用一个，在用中学，在学中用，学用结合才能练好字。

学习硬笔书法

准备学习工具

硬笔书法之所以叫作硬笔书法，就是因为它的书写工具不像毛笔那样笔头是软的，需要人们依靠强大的臂力，技巧来控制。它是坚硬的笔头，只需要通过一定的练习掌握书写技巧，就可以写出不错的汉字。

学习硬笔书法，常用的书写工具

1 、笔

硬笔书法的书写工具包括钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等，多数人练字会选用钢笔。

工具介绍

铅笔

铅笔作为硬笔书法书写工具的一种，其实是有着一些优势的，铅笔的主要成分是铅和石墨，这在物理特性上就让它有着可以擦除，重复书写的优势，尤其在启蒙教育、中小学教育中，铅笔是有着无可比拟的优势的。不单单这样，由于铅和石墨的混合，使得铅笔的书写体验很流畅，书写起来毫不费力，可以很轻松地达到自己想要的效果。所以铅笔是比较适合初学者练习的。但铅笔的缺陷是易折断、易褪色。

钢笔

钢笔的优点也很多，也是比较适合练字的。钢笔练字能体现力度和笔锋，可以顿笔、收笔，还能写出接近毛笔的效果来。但钢笔价格较高、蓄墨比较麻烦、携带不便等。

刚开始练字的时候可以先使用铅笔，练习控笔的技巧，到一定程度后再转而开始使用钢笔练字。使用铅笔时，一定要削好铅笔，铅笔不要削得太尖也不要太粗。刚刚削好的铅笔如果太尖就在废纸上轻轻划几下，如果写粗了，可以转动铅笔，换个方向写。

不介意使用中性笔，中性笔书写时需要有一个下压的力量，这会导致学习运笔动作时多了一个影响因素。同时中性笔出锋靠的是压力变化，这也导致学习者的习惯在硬笔中并不通用。

2 、纸

纸张包括一般复印纸、专用硬笔书法纸、格子纸，纸张的选择原则是不渗纸为佳，有时候在购买硬笔纸张时，用钢笔写字就会有洇墨的现象，可先试试。格子纸是厂家印刷好的，方便书写。

硬笔书法入门，方格纸作为入门练字纸最为恰当，同时，蒙肯纸书写性能最具有通用性且价格低廉，所以建议使用方格蒙肯书法练习纸。

3 、墨水

德国笔都可以用凌美T52，福林812也可以用鸵鸟墨水。至于彩墨，戴阿米等如雷贯耳。

4 、书法垫

硅胶硬笔书法垫，有助于保持纸面平整和良好的写感。

5 、字帖

我一贯主张根据个性选择字帖。不过入门时候，不外乎三种选择：卢中南楷书基础，赵孟頫道德经，文征明草堂十志。文征明的字笔法简单，套路清晰，更容易入门。

学写硬笔书法

硬笔书法具有广泛的群众基础，哪怕是一个小学生，在初学写字时都要按照一定的规则进行硬笔书法的学习和训练，因为这不仅是一个人的“门面”，更是学生的“卷面分”。下面介绍下如何才能在零基础的情况下，写好硬笔字。

正确的姿势

正确的握笔姿势

正确的握笔姿势，用右手的拇指、食指的指肚和中指的侧面分别从三个不同方向捏住笔杆的下端，使之形成合力。无名指和小指自然弯曲，手腕轻贴桌面，以形成安稳的“支撑点”。

正确的执笔步骤是，四点执笔→两指捏紧→形如鸡蛋。

正确的握笔方法，笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些，手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米。笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。

如果幼儿握笔方法不正确，握笔太低，不仅写字时手容易疲劳，还会因握笔太低挡住视线，因而是扭身歪头，引起坐姿不良、眼与物距离过近。笔是孩子学习的必需用具。孩子主要用铅笔写字，握笔的方法和写字的姿势是否正确，和笔杆的长短也有一定关系。笔杆太短，为了能看得清楚，只好低歪着头、扭着身子写字。因此，当铅笔用到原长的1/2时，应加笔帽，以增加其长度。

常见的错误执笔姿势

1、抱拳锄地、书写费劲。

2、虎口执笔、动作僵硬。

3、四指捏笔、运笔吃力。

4、勾腕执笔、运转不灵。

正确的写字姿势：身体坐正，两腿自然平放，头和上身稍向前倾，胸部离桌子一拳，两臂平放在桌面。右手执笔写字，左手按纸，纸要放正。要配备高矮合适的桌椅。当写字时，首先注意姿势，然后再纠正错误姿势。只要持之以恒，一定能掌握正确的执笔方法和写字姿势。

练习笔画

笔画是汉字组成的基本要素，不懂得基本笔画的形状、形态和行笔方法，就根本不能谈论书法，要想把字写得美观，写好笔画是前提。汉字笔画有横、竖、撇、捺、点、钩、提、折八种基本笔画，另外还有组合笔画，书写时一定要用心观察笔画的角度及长短变化，练好基本笔画，汉字也就写好了一半。

点

点像一个水滴，但它不是画出来的，而是写出来的。轻笔入纸后，逐渐加重力量向右下写去，最后在收笔时重压下去，会形成“水肚”，一个点的形状就出来了。

注意，写点的时候有三个步骤，一是轻入纸，二是向右下行，三是重收笔。

点是汉字最基本的笔画之一，它可以出现在汉字的上下左右，里外边角各个部位，其方向有向左、向右、向上、向下等。

我们要学习和掌握6种点的写法：斜点、垂点、撇点、上下点、相向点、相背点。

1、斜点：空中落笔，向右下运笔，至末端顿笔收笔，略带斜势。

2、垂点：空中落笔，向左下运笔，至末端顿笔回收。

3、撇点：起笔后下按，稍顿，向左下撇出。注意起笔至撇出要果断轻盈，用力渐弱，一气呵成。

4、上下点：写法同斜点，由上下两点组成，上点小，下点大。

5、相向点：一般用于字头，右点的起点要高于左边的点。

6、相背点：一般用于字底，起笔要平齐，落笔左点高右点低。

以上就是基本笔画的六个点画，在练习的时候一定要注意用笔的轻重缓急，沉稳坚定。要想写得好还得勤加练习哦！

横画

横 是我们写字中最常见，写的最多的基本笔画之一。横有六种横，长横，中横，短横，左尖横，右尖横。

横画在起笔时先要顿笔入纸，再向右方行笔，最后收笔时，再顿一下，形成收笔状态。注意，横画的姿态并不是水平平直的，而是要向右上方倾斜一点角度才好看。

“长横”的写法：下笔稍重，然后向右上方行笔，行笔时轻轻提起，收笔时重按一下，让笔画变重些，这样看起来显得平稳。“横平竖直”不是说横要水平，而是看上去要平稳的意思。

“短横”的写法：短横有两种不同的写法，一种下笔稍按后向右上行笔，粗细变化不大；一种是入笔较轻，向右上行笔时逐渐加重收笔。

中横的写法，比长横短，但比短横长。

斜横，笔画长度跟长横一样，但笔画往右上方倾斜，且角度大。

左尖横，笔画左尖右粗。

右尖横，笔画左粗右尖。

竖画

竖画的写法：竖画分为两种，一种是悬针竖，另一种是垂露竖。这两种竖画的起笔写法都是相同的，顿笔入纸，垂直向下行笔，在收笔时，悬针竖要逐渐提笔，使笔尖走在笔画的中间，最后形成像针尖一样的状态，而垂露竖在收笔时不提笔，保持同样的力量大小，收笔处回一下笔锋即可。

撇捺画的写法：这两个笔画写法是一样的，只不过姿态方向不一。撇画是顿笔入纸后，向左方由重到轻行笔，直到收笔时形成一个尖的形状，捺画是轻笔入纸，逐渐加重，最后收笔时要顿一笔，再向右外方由重到轻送出笔。

撇有斜撇、短撇、竖撇之分。

斜撇：斜撇的写法是，下笔稍重，由重到轻向左下行笔，收笔时出尖

短撇：短撇写法同斜撇，只是笔画较短。短撇在字头出现时，笔画形态较平（也有叫做平撇的），如“千、反、禾、后、丢”等字；短撇和撇点有时可以互换，特别是在字的左下部位出现时，往往写成撇点，如“真、典、只”等字。

竖撇：竖撇下笔稍重，由重到轻向下行笔，行至撇的长度三分之二处，向左下撇出，收笔时出尖。带风字头的字（如风、凤、凰、凡等）的竖撇弧度更大，需注意区别。

捺有斜捺和平捺之分。

斜捺：下笔较轻，向右下由轻到重行笔，行至捺脚处重按笔，然后向右水平方向由重到轻提笔拖出，收笔出尖。

平捺：写法同斜捺，但下笔时先要写一小短横，然后再向右下方向行笔。

汉字的结构

在有了一定字形基础后，可逐渐向复杂字形延伸学习。因为汉字间架结构非常多，包括上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、独体字等等，其训练原则是由易到难、由简单到复杂的顺序来学习。

具体结构分析

一、上、下结构

剧有主角配角、画有近景远景，字有主笔和次笔。上下结构由两部分组成，我们要分析出来主笔和次笔，主笔也就是伸展笔画，是在上部还是下部，上下结构的字伸展笔画一般只讨论横向伸展。

上下结构主笔原则

横向伸展笔画相排斥，上下两部分只能有一处伸展笔画，要么上宽下窄，要么上窄下宽。

A、上下部有横向伸展笔画，以下部伸展优先。如图A

B、下部没有横向笔画，上部有横向笔画，让上部伸展。如图B

C、上下部都没有横向笔画，保持字体固有形态。如图C

伸展类型

A、不变得偏旁

伸展笔画始终伸展。如下图

B、变化得偏旁

a 、位置不变，随其他笔画变化而变化。

下部有伸展笔画，以下部伸展笔画优先。如下图

b、位置变化（伸展笔画不同）

二、左右结构

1、在现代汉字中，左右结构的字占65%左右，左右结构的字以抑左扬右（左收右放）的原则。

2、伸展原则

A、左右有横定收缩。如图A

B、左右有竖（非贯通整个字的竖画）定伸展。如图B

C、左右都有纵向伸展笔画，右部伸展优先。如图C

D、左右都有横，右部伸展优先。如图D

三、独体字结构

独体字太多不一一讲解，总的原则是

1、左收右放

2、找准伸展笔画

3、讲究黑白平衡，就是字笔画的平衡和留白的平衡。

汉字间结构规律

1、整齐端正，中心平稳；

2、笔画匀称，疏密得宜；

3、比例恰当，形态自然；

4、点画呼应，气势连贯；

5、笔画避就，偏旁迎让；

6、俯仰有致，向背分明；

7、中宫收紧，主画舒展；

8、同画异写，同形求变。

单字训练

在进行单字练习时，应当本着由易到难的原则进行。先选择一些简单书写的、笔画少的字来练习，如“口”、“木”、“三”、“交”、“永”等，它们中间既有笔画组合，也是字形训练的基础。练习时主要采取精准临摹为佳，许多人在学习初期采用描红的方法，值得推荐给入门学习者。

章法训练

章法就是硬笔书法的作品形式安排，例如如何写一首唐诗的硬笔书法作品，就要涉及到行、列字数、行数、列数的安排，其主要原则是：排列整齐、行列对齐。正文与落款要符合书法的基本要求。尤其是在落款时，要写上年月和姓名，有印章的话，也要盖上印章最好，这就是一幅完整的书法作品了。

章法训练时，可借鉴或临摹其他人的作品，等自己熟练了以后，再逐步过渡到自己的创作中。

总之，硬笔书法入门最困难的是要过临摹关，这个时期是打基础的阶段，只有把这个基础打牢靠了，后面的书写才会形成良好的习惯，进入到书写或创作中就不再困难了。

写好书法要点

1、明确目的， 端正态度，下定练好字的决心。

要充分认识练字的重大意义，树立想学、愿学、刻苦学好的信心，排除思想障碍，坚决改正不良的书写习惯。如果认为写字好坏无关紧要，当然就不会认真学。如果单凭兴趣去学，也往往会一遇到困难， 就松懈下来，半途而废。所以，立志是写好字的前提。

2、培养兴趣，增强信心。

要学好一门知识或技术，首先要喜欢它，要有兴趣。兴趣有先天的，也有后天培养起来的。要培养一个人的兴趣，关键在于要有培养这种兴趣的条件。

3、勤加练习，熟能生巧。

时间充裕的时候可多做些大幅的临摹练习或是创作，零散的时间可做些个别难字的练习，没有笔和纸的情况下可以做“划地划被”(以枝条为笔在地面上书写)和“书空”练习(用手指在空中默写临摹过的范字)。总之，只有多加练习，自己的书法才能写的好。

%3Chowto_content%3E[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"is_abstract":true},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"书法有硬笔书法与毛笔书法之分，硬笔指的就是那种笔头坚硬的笔，例如","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔等，而毛笔的笔尖非常柔软有弹性。硬笔的线条表现可以借鉴毛笔的笔法，所以如果要认真学书法，建议先学毛笔书法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CwQUd8CwAo04YWxND78cWICvnvx"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"区别与联系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZMoKdggIoo6GAwxAdjmcrerWnOd"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"两者的区别","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RsOWd6iMeo46icxYbuKciOuOnKg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔书法和硬笔书法有着不一样的地方，以下是他们的区别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Omgod46aGokUQWxOoPvcZBKZn7c"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"材质不同 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CkCQdSo8eo8aI8xSqnAcpGaLnTg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔多用羊，兔，鸡，黄鼠狼等动物的毫毛制成的，所以笔尖比较软，而","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"硬笔","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"则以金铜铁等硬质材料制成，所以笔头比较硬，例如常见的","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"钢笔、中性笔、铅笔、圆珠笔","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RqWwdQuCeoWeeYxsdlecCT5Onlc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"线条质感不同","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OI8GdkigCo8OcOxzOlIczisbnGH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔线条质感柔软丰润，笔画或飘若行云或雄厚稳健，刚柔相济、有血有肉。由于毛笔伸缩性大，笔头","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"可舒可敛","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"，所以其笔画宽窄，大小悬殊线面并用表现丰富。而硬笔的笔迹质感坚实挺秀，骨感强烈，硬笔","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔尖","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"开合能力较小，笔画粗细均匀，线条明快简约。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NKq8dO4E6oI8aUxOGErcubaMnGU"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"用途不同","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FQagdQAGOoqS8IxmQokc7fGQnac"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔书法一般字形较大，篇幅较大，易于欣赏，适用于练字作画，并且多适合写大字，而硬笔比较适合练习小楷等等，而且书写方便还便于修改，基本不受纸张限制，故广泛用于各行各业。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JuUqdsgoEooqQ4x0IXlcqw4gnGb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYSMdwgK0ou0WIxE9JOcC4BpnVe"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"两者的联系","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYQadO4EYoYsaIxYVr5cQcZ8nHe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法之所以被称为书法，是因为它和毛笔书法之间有着不可分割的联系。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VycSdcCuuoUG44xspu1cYZwSnOc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、 他们都是以汉字为载体，把汉字作为表现对象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VUsgdacwooc4OSxsnK8cnRMDnxb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、 两者虽然笔法不同，但结构规律和章法基本一致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y2W2dIoWMoEMmmxkXAyc1jMTnUg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、 硬笔的线条可以借鉴毛笔的笔法。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Nu2YdsCsOomgAKxaXboc07Zfntb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":537,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"两者的联系","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/1445213211a544fd8c1127745b175e58","width":825},"text":"","id":"Q0iudcMoKo0iwSxiCSmcJQ9PnSh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":1},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习毛笔书法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FywedMsaiouyi6xuXBQcxmcynpb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古人云:“取法乎上，仅得其中，取法乎中，仅得乎下”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QwiEduSoAowciWxgRmTcSJEOnVd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔书法是中国沿袭千年的文化艺术，凝结了中华民族的智慧，是一门独特的线条造型","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"艺术，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"被誉为“无言的诗，无形的舞，无图的画，无声的乐”。一支毛笔，界破虚空，在纸上挥洒出千变万化的线条，能给书写者和观赏者带来莫大的精神享受。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VEe8doCAgoAqI2xQh48cONu8ntc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IacKdEuU4omEImxSHXDc4we4nmb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学者想要学好毛笔字，首先需要准备一些写毛笔字用到的文房四宝等工具。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TcKOdICUso6Uu8xuS35cpnZDnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"主要材料和工具如下：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UcuMdO4I8oEegqxsXQqctcgPnDb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、毛笔：笔的大小、笔锋长短、笔毫的软硬都要根据自己所写字体来选择；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SUemdgO4yog4icxtXsvcPM6onIA"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、墨：墨汁建议选择好一些的，有利于行笔；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IIs0decWQom0EYxOgDcc4499nph"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、纸：宣纸，生宣熟宣以及几成熟都是根据字体来选择，具体可以咨询售卖的店家。同时建议刚开始使用毛边纸练习，节约成本；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TOUwda22WoaAQCxWo5LcQBPOnFg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、砚：主要用于盛墨汁及蘸笔、舔笔；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Sk0WdIu4eooGiwxeqHlcuxIrndg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、笔洗：盛清水，用于清洗毛笔；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xmosd0iCOoiU2uxS6OhcTbeyn8f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、毡子：毛毡，垫在纸下面，防止弄脏书案，以及“跑墨”；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEwGdSia6oiOeoxGI53cs0ndnRb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、镇纸：压住纸张，可减少纸张的皱褶对写字的影响；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUoadM8c8o6c0uxOM7fc1BXqnNf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、此外，根据需要，还有笔架、印章、印泥、字帖等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KCuCduEakowgIGxCSJ6clBjanrf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YqAQdAwgioMCwUxENYpcNB4CnRf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OMmMdOcoioWoYwxbd2XcQbFtnmm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、毛笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MAeOdUk6qoG6cCxCH7pci43Anfb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":440,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0a51c1abf124d04bd34c1fb58f80503","width":724},"text":"","id":"PsY4dqiqSooIkGxsDe1c9aZgnmf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"所谓文房四宝中的第一件那就是“笔”，学习毛笔书法，我们当然要准备好毛笔这个最基本的物件，我们在选择毛笔上要注意毛笔的大、中、小之分，不同大小的毛笔，对于创作的作品，写出的字也是有所不同的，像特大的斗笔和提笔，就适合书写一些匾额或者是大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AwqWd426aowSCexeQmyceNDen0f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔也可以按笔锋来分，毛笔有长锋、中锋、短锋之分，长锋写出的书法作品线条比较流畅，短锋写出的作品比较浑厚，中锋写出的作品中和了长锋和短锋毛笔的优点，所以初学毛笔书法的朋友们，比较建议选择狼毫中锋毛笔，比较方便日常的练习，更容易上手。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ukuwd2iKEoKIQGxuUK9cL7RAnFb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyuQd8yWao64eIxc4aqcgzf7nyw"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"毛笔的种类","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DWkOdMYKUoqWS2xsNJWcj3zwn9f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬毫笔笔性刚健，毛弹性较大，常见的有兔毫、狼毫、鼠须、石獾毫、山马毫、猪鬃等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WaGwdoIIko0kI4xCMGGcDgHPnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、兔毫笔历史悠久，在长沙出土的战国笔就是用兔毫制成的。它是将笔干一头劈开数片，把笔头插入后再用丝线紧扎而成。兔毫又分紫毫和花白两种。紫毫是取兔子背脊（又称箭毫）和尾巴上的毫毛制成，质软而毫健。花白比较挺利，不如紫毫柔软。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WauAdC68QoY44SxQzEYcZs7unmh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、狼毫笔这里的“狼”不是动物园里的那种狼，而是黄鼠狼。用黄鼠狼身上和尾巴上的毛制成的笔，弹性比兔毫笔稍软，比羊毫笔硬，只是质较脆，不耐摩擦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XeWIde20Ao2icyxqWyScY2GbnPg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/56b010f09c8e4d548b5973a7102cdb4e","width":900},"text":"","id":"JUU6dcQQioGoayxARHrcF7etnnh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、鼠须笔是用老鼠的胡须做成，所以性能坚挺。相传东晋王羲之就是用鼠须笔写《兰亭序》的。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQk2d4ygmoe4qexKNdycmbRLn9o"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其他硬毫笔，如山马毫、石獾毫、猪鬃笔等，笔性特别坚硬，一般初学者尚未掌握运笔规律，不易选用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GEwQdkqayo6eg2xQ3lac3faqnwd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"软毫笔笔性柔软。软毫笔的弹性较小，较柔软。一般用羊毫、鸡毫、胎毫等软毫制成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AgSEd62OcocQyCxoDBUcyWbynqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、羊毫笔羊毫笔是用山羊毫制成，其性能软于紫毫笔，由于羊毫较细、较长，适宜于写大楷及擘窠大字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UacOdWcoMoWOAwx0KniczkN1nQf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、鸡毫笔鸡毫笔是用雄鸡前胸之毛制成，其性能软于羊毫。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SMqkd4IQwo2yEkxui7JcZNAKnvd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、胎毫笔胎毫是初生婴儿的头发，其性能极柔软。南朝","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"萧子云","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"就使用过胎毫笔，可见其历史之悠久。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AMSOdUMUMoa0IGxCYUec0isznxh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D、兼毫笔笔性介于硬软毫之间。兼毫笔用硬毫、软毫集在一起，刚柔并济。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BuY2d0suYoEOukxyMCxcA28Snub"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GyG6d4KiWoKiCgx2Dl9cgspYnLe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"好的毛笔的要求：","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B4KQdg4MKoEaq2xUtwRcX9d3n5d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、笔毫聚合时，笔锋要能收尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SIeQdYMkaos4o4xYR8CcNQDKncb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、将笔头沾水捏扁，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔端","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"的毛整齐无不齐现象。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NQauduaqSo42CSxOVzFcsO1FnTT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、笔肚周围，笔毫饱满圆润，呈圆锥状，不扁不瘦。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CSW4dUUEgoeEq2xK4udcZllnn63"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、笔毛有弹性，笔毛铺开后易于收拢，笔力要健。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V6EYdmWUioEY26xqw8JcQ9wTnuc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOWgd8wUEouoEUxmOHVcV2KAnnb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、墨汁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KqGsdYEKKo8uKuxoOrPcgknMno2"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":459,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bcdb693268bf4ffbbb9973730f7401f4","width":800},"text":"","id":"NWY4duaQAoW2iKxMTXecyn7anre"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"古人多是在写字前先磨墨，现在写书法多选用墨汁，写起来要简单省力很多，练字的墨汁和创作作品不同，可以按自己的经济情况，选择自己经济条件能够接受的墨汁即可，练习毛笔书法不是一朝一夕可以练习好的，所以墨汁也是一个消耗品。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qg8sd2WIGou0yUxQfyjcOAN5nrc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、宣纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TskedmKUOowMCoxuG1pcZwdDnQg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":583,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d81bca46acce4aeb86d650faa20277e6","width":918},"text":"","id":"SEKod6CwooAQqkxISh6cPWCznTz"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习书法常用的是宣纸，宣纸大家在选择的时候要注意，宣纸分为生宣、熟宣、半生半熟宣纸，不同工艺制作而成的宣纸，写出来的效果也是不同的，初学者比较建议选择半生半熟的宣纸，比较适合书法的书写和练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TYgSdCCCcoGmiYxuE0bcwgWrn4g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、砚台","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AasGdmqgsoeKW4xWSgucnwzEnue"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":561,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/88bc6174435d42d987bd8d19cc1ebd6e","width":815},"text":"","id":"JU2edO84moGSACxmGFBcWLeYnXd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"砚台是用来盛放墨汁的，古代人是要用砚台来磨墨，可我们现在写书法基本用的都是墨汁，所以在砚台的选择上，我们可以选择带盖子及水槽的火锅砚，这样可以让我们的墨汁干得慢一些，不会照成不必要的浪费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4s2dGQU0o2uUgxemJXcvnTTnwg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"火锅砚中间部位是用来放墨汁的，外圈一圈是用来加水的，每次写完字后，直接用盖子盖好，这样可以减慢墨汁干硬的速度，方便我们下次使用，对于初学者每日练习书法还是很适用的，不需要每天去重新加墨汁，既帮我们节约了时间，也帮我们节约了墨汁，不会照成浪费。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J4OgdGqsQoYEsmxafEjcMtPLnGi"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、毛毡","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QosSdMs4coyuckx0QGyc8Sninpg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":568,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d0dfe944e8934de598058254bea288f0","width":900},"text":"","id":"ByIodKkAsoEgu2x47RgcSOktnDh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习毛笔书法，我们是用毛笔蘸取墨汁书写的，所以为了防止有墨汁透过纸弄脏桌子，所以建议大家配上一块毛毡，写字前先将毛毡铺在桌子上，然后再铺上宣纸练字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q86CdmcC0oieQUxM15xc9wZInYc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、镇纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XaECdEAuSo84a8xkpZvclvAPnEh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":580,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3297c330ea454b189dfe28d290ca01d0","width":855},"text":"","id":"SCm6dQYcUoE8Y4xCguYcvGMNnQe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"镇纸是我们在练习书法的时候，用来压住纸张，防止纸张晃动移位的，镇纸的材质也比较多，价格上差距也比较大，大家根据自己的喜好选择即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WscydOcmgoqw80xI1JBcfFHWnwc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、笔搁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GYmEdIS4ao4amsx0Esycrzh1nxg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdf404146cd9499ba68e5e23f46fd795","width":604},"text":"","id":"CMiMdCQeuogU86xaKIUcH90Pnzh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔搁也叫笔托，我们在练习书法的时候，毛笔上是沾了墨汁的，这个时候你如果将毛笔放在桌子上，或者纸上，毛笔上的墨汁就会把桌子或者宣纸弄脏，所以我们要准备一个笔搁，在我们写累了，暂时不写的时候，将带着墨汁的毛笔放在笔搁上，给我们一个放笔的地方。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VuQ2dSCU8o6csYx8kOkcmgdInwb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、笔架","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MQeAdWy22owESExeEmtcx5zVndg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":605,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9490bd2d0cd849bab83b7a99a64ac6cb","width":581},"text":"","id":"Hqu6dWQ4ao4e0IxGPFDclwQnnDy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"笔架是用来悬挂毛笔的，我们每天练习完书法，会将用过的毛笔清洗干净，为了下次使用起来方便，我们可以将毛笔挂在笔架上，这样我们下次书写的时候，就比较方便我们选择自己需要的毛笔了，笔架即是放置毛笔的支架，也是一种装饰摆件，大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择自己中意的笔架。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CmGgd8ueQo0ku4xUlmDcOmuZnuh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"9、字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CQc6dWMI8o2W4gx4gLUc7lpNnoe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":587,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/615d153a0ceb46f3912cbd0146d768f7","width":894},"text":"","id":"CsWydacmuoAiCoxMrBUcWzDDnBf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"字帖是我们练字临摹用到的模板，在选择字帖上大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，每个人对于不同的书法字体的喜好都有所不同，所以大家可以根据自己的喜好来选择，我个人比较建议初学者从唐楷入手练习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WgKgdMAococUY0xEFEFcGA4Tnrh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学写毛笔书法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WOMUda6keoMMcUxaukKcVBoSnYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学习书法首先要有一个正确的书写姿势，要求头正、身直、臂开、足安;","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F4wUd6UWAoI8Aqx4vsZcXaV1n6f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"其次就是掌握正确的执笔方法，只有这样才能更好地学习书法。执笔方法的正确与否，直接关系到书写的效果，所以历代书家都很重视握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S8Ood4AaQocSQ8xs1Mic0rSHnCf"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PcgEdqgOooQqqYx024gcYRGDnJe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"现代学习书法所谓正确的握笔姿势指的是就是“五指握笔法”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Juq8dC2yioUQq6xYl7hcnpLinhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Tu8ed08QQoKMs0xKKf5crrDWnxd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":600,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f29467c0f2ad430195c460774c852b62","width":448},"text":"","id":"ZokIdkSgCoCAQwxgbrVcYe53nng"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"五指握笔法简单的说就是五个手指都有各自的用途。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XY8ydsKamoi0OYxc7xCcRwEynqe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"大拇指握笔时候应该起到一个按的力量，力的方向是食指和中指的中间部分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Bq6Ad6ameoSMkYxWm0AciHHin9b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"食指握笔的时候是起到了一个勾的力量，力的方向是大拇指方向。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OAwmdkKcioMsAOxSef0cYfyZned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中指握笔第一二节包裹的笔管，三指其实就可以拿住笔了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FsC8dUuwooWMKEx25btcATQqnEh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"无名和小拇指起到的一个稳定扶住的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IKGOdWekKoaIgAxMH32c2Erzn4f"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VW0udKK88oyWQKxa0oqcCu1xnlg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们可以根据一套正确的握笔姿势图来学习一下拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Gk6GdGIMwoCwmSxu6EJcXYWNnFh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/01a36340cc2944f9befabc6e104d57f2","width":779},"text":"","id":"XoCSdAqk6oGYO8xz7ntcbYBknnQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1.右手伸开手掌，四指自然并拢，大拇指自然向上。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GUiMdKGo6oEwA2x6OtLc9fEanih"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":479,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5ad4329d83034b97b20e385ee028aa9a","width":809},"text":"","id":"HKMIdsq8Qo8eaKxgtkXcDKbdnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2.自然的将右手无名和小拇指进行弯曲，并中指食指，自然稍有弯曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScWEdK8YKoYqSExU7SbcNvW9nLc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":419,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f30af16138764f14b566034c3acee545","width":807},"text":"","id":"GaMAdsQYsoMgo8xWT2Mc8J1wnlb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3.左手拿笔直接放到中指和无名指处，垂直右手拿笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"O2Iud2EWaoCCa4xIJPecgPb8nqf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":451,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"握笔姿势图","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/3af16b1ba55b4005807154669ac8e283","width":806},"text":"","id":"Wew8dE4CUoOwKuxauSScQo7RnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4.大拇指按压笔管，感受上面我们我们讲的几个手指的作用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PkGadWs8wowQe2xQNTdcC4sonJd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"经常学习毛笔的话有几天的时间手指就会习惯拿笔的姿势，前期可能会有所不舒服，只要掌握好几个手指的位置和力量，稍加练习就学会了，以上就是拿毛笔时正确的握笔姿势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"D0o4dAecmoSyaKxKeVvckoDEnef"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CqOkdUIcaoaKMExeQAbc4VTVnUe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"初学毛笔书法，我们往往不知道从哪方面入手，怎么去学。不少人一开始就临摹字字帖，这当然可以，但没有领悟到书法的精髓。那么，对于初学毛笔书法，我建议要分五步来学。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"YQWEdCECSoyesoxaeWAcGdLPnP0"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第一步，首先学写“横”的笔画。横分为短、中、长三种，短横要粗，长横要细，中要匀。要把握横的起笔和落笔要领，也就是露锋和回锋（藏锋）的技巧。起笔要慢，走锋要匀，收笔要慢而有劲，不拖泥带水。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UaSidsEqgoQUSkxO69fcQwLfnZg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":510,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/60ff89311ab1426e8d349a7295496f75","width":726},"text":"","id":"Tg0gd2QU4o44uYxioZccTuNgnue"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RQ6mdMUWcoScaaxs3rxctDUMn3f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第二步，要学好“竖”的笔法，竖主要分为悬针竖和垂露竖，当然还有其他写法，如点竖等。竖的起笔绝大多数是逆锋运笔。关键是竖的收笔，悬针竖收笔如飞机离开跑道一样，轻轻收笔露尖。垂露竖侧行笔至末端轻轻回笔稍顿藏锋，如一个人走到路的尽头伸个懒腰再往回走。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XyosduocWoU6owxSqHbcAgQenRc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":541,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a9006238c2254e9799238928630ba796","width":801},"text":"","id":"XeSmdu0oAoaaYmxwRCKcdiHjnoh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第三步，要学好“点”的几种写法，点的写法一般分为左点、右点、长点。点的写法看似简单，实际很讲笔锋。有些是笔锋轻入重出，如右点、左点，要求起笔轻而细，收笔重而有形，就如打太极拳一样。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MOUedimkIoEUWcxo3IzcoRQenwf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":433,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c2a53ffbf6b04e928f6b8fc04de43f53","width":500},"text":"","id":"FG40d6gEioEe6axErFLcTLFVnaf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第四步，要注意横、竖、点的头尾比例，哪头大哪头小，做到心中有数，行笔才有形。另外，还要把握笔划之间的间隔和连接要领掌握好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AkoudsKOCo2e8ixY3IrcoTlwnFb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":504,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/ada7b6675149490397287344ff4c97f1","width":756},"text":"","id":"ASIcdyCycok8usxidUmcV9wnnRy"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"第五步，要把握字的偏旁部首的基础写法，基础不牢地动山摇。偏旁部首写好了，才能认真去领悟字体的结构，笔划少的字要浑厚方正，笔划多的字要精细雅致。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TIoWdiWIooCksgxc5D2c3faNnhb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":725,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2b4a342147f1425ab7c77f4f7d38f169","width":467},"text":"","id":"L0GMdUOmSoKMY4xYjSec1byBnXg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KQcKdOoMuoa4u0x6K1Hcup2gnNg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"熟悉结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"B0OEdiYu2o4awmxI0hIceKMynib"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"优美的结构也是书法艺术的核心，结构可以分为：主次、布白和变化三部分","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WMkAd6QW0oq6WixqS83cVjLJneh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、主次。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DEumdKukmowy0cx0mHGceCR5ngc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"任何事物都有主次之分，书法也讲究主次分明。一字之中总有一至三个突出的重点笔，这些笔画一般要求写得舒展挺拔，凸显整字精神，其他笔画要稍收敛一些。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ScUSdCkkoogk2axOao0c8go2nkb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DUgCdKeI6oMYqKx48CUcviFlnPd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"变化如同一片森林，找不到完全相同的两棵树，一棵树上找不到完全相同的两片树叶。书法上也要求有变化。如长短、轻重、粗细、大小、角度、快慢变化等，变则生。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Co0wdgkgGo0A2uxck5HcsjXWnHQ"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、布白。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WeUadOaW2ociE6xKS5McOQcNnWg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"布白均匀，一字之中笔画分布均匀，空间分割平均。篆刻中讲“分朱布白”、“计白当黑”，正是此意。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NAc8d8MyKo6aEUxQfa5cIoGAn0b"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HyweduW6aoGKQyxi8mIcIwUUnnf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"学写字应先从楷书或隶书入手。掌握各种笔法后再学其它书体就有了基础。临帖是练好字的必需手段。不临帖，全凭自己想法随意写，是上不了路子的。学写毛笔字一定要有恒心与毅力，要持之以恒，戒骄戒躁，不能一曝十寒。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZS6kdO0QmoE8q8xOoXScTflHnjc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":516,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"临摹字帖","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/39b870a18ec7499c877565a2acbc17cf","width":730},"text":"","id":"OOGCdm6MeoI4IuxQt4dcAvTlnBc"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学好书法要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkIcdAOQUoimeOxK89Ycu47hnGh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、练眼","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LUOadEAEyogQi2xMRMPcY8i8nvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"练眼即认真读帖，读帖是学习书法过程中的一种手段也是一种能力的培养。读的帖越多，眼力提高得就会越快,就知道了如何才写好，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"好在哪里？","id":""},{"type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、笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X20GdEoMsoKCw8xMt8GcpcKLnne"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法的书写工具包括钢笔、铅笔、圆珠笔等，多数人练字会选用钢笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VQKkdouQ2oSqICxaY1Icd6icnYb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KIoOdGogSoUwwGxN7KicNtkmnCO"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"工具介绍","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NEw8dmocIoiEImxYZjbcQWgGnhd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CckcdUuiAokoE8xicxMcTpbsnXf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":518,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/500e9ac4a47b4fc8b88e716ff8106ad1","width":795},"text":"","id":"Fo0EdUaiMo88AExQLWycx5oUnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"铅笔作为硬笔书法书写工具的一种，其实是有着一些优势的，铅笔的主要成分是铅和石墨，这在物理特性上就让它有着可以擦除，重复书写的优势，尤其在启蒙教育、中小学教育中，铅笔是有着无可比拟的优势的。不单单这样，由于铅和石墨的混合，使得铅笔的书写体验很流畅，书写起来毫不费力，可以很轻松地达到自己想要的效果。所以铅笔是比较适合初学者练习的。但铅笔的缺陷是易折断、易褪色。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HOcwdCcKgoQeCmxslvxcrDwxnEe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Piemdi8uSo6s0GxMbTDcYmHmnOf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":589,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/5f2e8059863b46f8abffd2ccd635ab15","width":894},"text":"","id":"FsWOd4eSeoSqI6x2JElcjnElnee"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"钢笔的优点也很多，也是比较适合练字的。钢笔练字能体现力度和笔锋，可以顿笔、收笔，还能写出接近毛笔的效果来。但钢笔价格较高、蓄墨比较麻烦、携带不便等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AacAdoc4coK0CEx4fAtcHphKnOf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"刚开始练字的时候可以先使用铅笔，练习控笔的技巧，到一定程度后再转而开始使用钢笔练字。使用铅笔时，一定要削好铅笔，铅笔不要削得太尖也不要太粗。刚刚削好的铅笔如果太尖就在废纸上轻轻划几下，如果写粗了，可以转动铅笔，换个方向写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SM2Qd6iwsoicUqxG4AgckKcAnqc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"不介意使用中性笔，中性笔书写时需要有一个下压的力量，这会导致学习运笔动作时多了一个影响因素。同时中性笔出锋靠的是压力变化，这也导致学习者的习惯在硬笔中并不通用。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q4agdU6qeo6EwkxaOq5cU5FCnze"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2 、纸","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HEq8dgkc6oAeW6xcvsacwGsFngd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"纸张包括一般复印纸、专用硬笔书法纸、格子纸，纸张的选择原则是不渗纸为佳，有时候在购买硬笔纸张时，用钢笔写字就会有洇墨的现象，可先试试。格子纸是厂家印刷好的，方便书写。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TioGduYmEoeWIsxWaAccKZ1PnNb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法入门，方格纸作为入门练字纸最为恰当，同时，蒙肯纸书写性能最具有通用性且价格低廉，所以建议使用方格蒙肯书法练习纸。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"G4cWdeQAUoyyMGxMN64c5gS1n8g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3 、墨水","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6amdMECWom64gxF0fRcWn1XnfB"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"德国笔都可以用凌美T52，福林812也可以用鸵鸟墨水。至于彩墨，戴阿米等如雷贯耳。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OMoGdw44Eoy0mqx2FqAcYlrjnqL"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4 、书法垫","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VkCmdyQEMoOOuOxkDWsc54xcnwh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硅胶硬笔书法垫，有助于保持纸面平整和良好的写感。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E6scdUyEcouOucx4euwcP6O3nlc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5 、字帖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"H6gAd0OqyoaqCixeINvclxCJn0O"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我一贯主张根据个性选择字帖。不过入门时候，不外乎三种选择：卢中南楷书基础，赵孟頫道德经，文征明草堂十志。文征明的字笔法简单，套路清晰，更容易入门。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WkCmdkws2oI8oUxWkBTcX0ftndg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":692,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"准备学习工具","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/62bf4df846aa4a69830df37c3b809641","width":710},"text":"","id":"CgQ2dYCCsoyQaSxEovEcv3arn1d"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"学写硬笔书法","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqCcd0oSAoMequxwLnIcePGGnVh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"硬笔书法具有广泛的群众基础，哪怕是一个小学生，在初学写字时都要按照一定的规则进行硬笔书法的学习和训练，因为这不仅是一个人的“门面”，更是学生的“卷面分”。下面介绍下如何才能在零基础的情况下，写好硬笔字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EamydiimMoo6U8xGM9vc4kM5nvg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FS86dIaOQoGouexuSUdcOkexnbd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VYi4dWiSEoSAomxcnI7cHDq4n5b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔姿势，用右手的拇指、食指的指肚和中指的侧面分别从三个不同方向捏住笔杆的下端，使之形成合力。无名指和小指自然弯曲，手腕轻贴桌面，以形成安稳的“支撑点”。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Iew4dAWiQoscYMxkHM8c9vuBnlf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的执笔步骤是，四点执笔→两指捏紧→形如鸡蛋。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P8uedOAUgoKukyxYHE9czS5nnKe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的握笔方法，笔杆放在拇指、食指和中指的三个指梢之间，食指在前，拇指在左后，中指在右下，食指应较拇指低些，手指尖应距笔尖约3厘米。笔杆与作业本保持六十度的倾斜，掌心虚圆，指关节略弯曲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Asg8dmKcGoq2SUxyeSDcIK6Bnbb"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":309,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9aeef25205c34a1b8981a5b8b1008d90","width":807},"text":"","id":"FIIkdqoeKoiUmSxILEocH19YnOg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d35c114423a24b379f5492efc276307a","width":788},"text":"","id":"N6CUd48I4oGw4gxAJnXckuiynlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":416,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d35c114423a24b379f5492efc276307a","width":788},"text":"","id":"N6CUd48I4oGw4gxAJnXckuiynlf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/654b84f6fba74caf81a6fd6f55481148","width":809},"text":"","id":"FgS0dYSa2ooWCsxwTzVc2HknnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":412,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/654b84f6fba74caf81a6fd6f55481148","width":809},"text":"","id":"FgS0dYSa2ooWCsxwTzVc2HknnTb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":404,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9394e84d866d4b0d97a9a1f39d542b39","width":806},"text":"","id":"DmAOdeqSmoqeiAxwxEkcwu8YnDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":404,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9394e84d866d4b0d97a9a1f39d542b39","width":806},"text":"","id":"DmAOdeqSmoqeiAxwxEkcwu8YnDf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/64b3235bbb0346beaa60d03a6edfc205","width":806},"text":"","id":"Qw8gdKWwOoiAcYxW1bmcNpEJn7w"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":410,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/64b3235bbb0346beaa60d03a6edfc205","width":806},"text":"","id":"Qw8gdKWwOoiAcYxW1bmcNpEJn7w"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f7e35e38951d41498f906a74ec8a9ec2","width":796},"text":"","id":"C26wdCUWUooY86xwo96cMgYUnVD"}],"text":"","id":"T2yCdQgakoQMu2xSCjvcvupVnMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"如果幼儿握笔方法不正确，握笔太低，不仅写字时手容易疲劳，还会因握笔太低挡住视线，因而是扭身歪头，引起坐姿不良、眼与物距离过近。笔是孩子学习的必需用具。孩子主要用铅笔写字，握笔的方法和写字的姿势是否正确，和笔杆的长短也有一定关系。笔杆太短，为了能看得清楚，只好低歪着头、扭着身子写字。因此，当铅笔用到原长的1/2时，应加笔帽，以增加其长度。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T2yCdQgakoQMu2xSCjvcvupVnMf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BUqCdwycYoykOqxy0Ywc0AeMnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"常见的错误执笔姿势","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KOKCdMiKeoaUQyx08jocskVbnXh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、抱拳锄地、书写费劲。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SkSydgwA6o0eqcxOWavcSg8gnsh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":377,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"正确的姿势","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/2bc3e71cead24336b5eba6bb30418891","width":786},"text":"","id":"Ik2edgIOwoc8EsxeaVccGMnenfg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"tex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","id":""}],"text":"","id":"MIaQdcEs0oAIOuxwEMvcqOhGnQC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RsGodUY82oi4EsxcHs1crqChn1g"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点像一个水滴，但它不是画出来的，而是写出来的。轻笔入纸后，逐渐加重力量向右下写去，最后在收笔时重压下去，会形成“水肚”，一个点的形状就出来了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"C0mUdieIGoqCQoxmMaDcFFYuned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"注意，写点的时候有三个步骤，一是轻入纸，二是向右下行，三是重收笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KoGWdQw4GoKiAcxIPeOc4cmcnSg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"点是汉字最基本的笔画之一，它可以出现在汉字的上下左右，里外边角各个部位，其方向有向左、向右、向上、向下等。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BK8odqE8coeskSxU55Jc3N87n1d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"我们要学习和掌握6种点的写法：斜点、垂点、撇点、上下点、相向点、相背点。 ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0Wkdq4yIo2gWyxe81Gc7ol5nwe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、斜点：空中落笔，向右下运笔，至末端顿笔收笔，略带斜势。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TQm8dkq02o6sOYxsZ7QcBkjPnNd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":900,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/4b8de576e90a4115a76bcba2d996731c","width":900},"text":"","id":"V4qAdaqUqo4QkkxsTYucy4whnvg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、垂点：空中落笔，向左下运笔，至末端顿笔回收。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DkIEds8w6oaoIqxSYmCcP71aned"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":798,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7634b92450a94d728c3a926f6d30c7e8","width":798},"text":"","id":"VmkidKgEqocCUyxgDJzcExlynOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、撇点：起笔后下按，稍顿，向左下撇出。注意起笔至撇出要果断轻盈，用力渐弱，一气呵成。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Yq2odwawgoSG4Ixqea7cKKpln4e"},{"type":"imageList","children":[{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":636,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/30889e734121403b9b8a27c9f61e1be1","width":636},"text":"","id":"LGoAdMUSGoyW8sx6kizcrTkHnxh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":660,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d4326e9d37ee4b9ea817556b156b51dc","width":660},"text":"","id":"V4EudU6SWo420CxCwErcr3r1nwc"}],"text":"","id":"LkAqdIeocoamAGxCMSocIvPgnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、上下点：写法同斜点，由上下两点组成，上点小，下点大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkAqdIeocoamAGxCMSocIvPgnhb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":522,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/69d496f8665648f5b6cac6fb04768029","width":522},"text":"","id":"W6ccdmMcAouWIox8atMcLidjnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LqEEdueweoKaOKxc5gNcWLvYnWf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":552,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/d08a3731a2fe4ed2beaace7530dc8f35","width":552},"text":"","id":"HImadM4CaoQySCxuCBpc8s0Jn3e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Og2cd4WCooyEaExQjS1cRLmXnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、相向点：一般用于字头，右点的起点要高于左边的点。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QAUGdM0KYoo2kGx0WJmcRzkwn0g"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":888,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e0edeadd27704994815402b916cec9f9","width":888},"text":"","id":"Be0kdCECQocm2AxuIU7c4OyMnid"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IYQidyYQgoW4Iyx27FycPr3ynHb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":672,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e83947f1f8545dd925788688612886c","width":672},"text":"","id":"F4OYd0mcOoMMmyxEDh8clegcnUc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZQS8demyMoAOCQxY19DckOMRnNc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、相背点：一般用于字底，起笔要平齐，落笔左点高右点低。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XQQedCiccok8MCxuowacsjsnnxc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":820,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/91163352544a458d8543905ac1ae0e55","width":820},"text":"","id":"DYuIdUqESogiiIxwtmKcpcfDnfh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TkqudUae0omaEYxmyHnc67acnpf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":816,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/0c80ba74387c47679fbe10a873e1ed15","width":816},"text":"","id":"FYKydmYMoo0qaExuUW1cwsIKnFe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FAoKdAs8Eoqq2gxGIytcKG01nTb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"以上就是基本笔画的六个点画，在练习的时候一定要注意用笔的轻重缓急，沉稳坚定。要想写得好还得勤加练习哦！","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Ye4Odu0YeoGCCIxAAxecDbKsnKm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"F6wgdoUMIog0EKxg8BTchLOknri"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横 是我们写字中最常见，写的最多的基本笔画之一。横有六种横，长横，中横，短横，左尖横，右尖横。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LyuGdyMEeoc84qxEbpCcpx7TnQb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横画在起笔时先要顿笔入纸，再向右方行笔，最后收笔时，再顿一下，形成收笔状态。注意，横画的姿态并不是水平平直的，而是要向右上方倾斜一点角度才好看。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OII0dYOysoKsmwxgfvQcte2Anzf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“长横”的写法：下笔稍重，然后向右上方行笔，行笔时轻轻提起，收笔时重按一下，让笔画变重些，这样看起来显得平稳。“横平竖直”不是说横要水平，而是看上去要平稳的意思。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QOiudgmQsoqk4Sx4t1vcrmS3nLf"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":237,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/7e9e7d1b90da433e9f308d53e61a86f2","width":571},"text":"","id":"EEKedceGOoQqcex0BBXcdf66ncf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"“短横”的写法：短横有两种不同的写法，一种下笔稍按后向右上行笔，粗细变化不大；一种是入笔较轻，向右上行笔时逐渐加重收笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SOAUdykemoO0ecxgBOacVc5an2d"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":244,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/b8cc808125cb4fcf94580fbe430d9c33","width":532},"text":"","id":"Leg2dUSEqoe8cYxGT3Bc7NnWnEC"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"中横的写法，比长横短，但比短横长。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UW44d6MOeo6wymxovdnc8A8Bnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜横，笔画长度跟长横一样，但笔画往右上方倾斜，且角度大。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QqiedCcwuoAcU4xQHyXcIMHmnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"左尖","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"横，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔画左尖右粗。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K8Umdu8gwogaKQxI3X7cl38PnQh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":483,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/bdd025acbeb341e58a3f33eb0341f550","width":458},"text":"","id":"Vg4qd6YYaoca8AxU1jNcwDENnOh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"右尖横，","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"笔画左粗右尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Q0qEdO62coCYMkxrEwzc6lnwnni"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KMmGdiUkUoU2gex0Ewicrls1nte"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Y6a2deamqoKg8qxYhVac3cR9nUh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖画的写法","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"：","id":""},{"type":"text","text":"竖画分为两种，一种是悬针竖，另一种是垂露竖。这两种竖画的起笔写法都是相同的，顿笔入纸，垂直向下行笔，在收笔时，悬针竖要逐渐提笔，使笔尖走在笔画的中间，最后形成像针尖一样的状态，而垂露竖在收笔时不提笔，保持同样的力量大小，收笔处回一下笔锋即可。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ZM4Qdw4oKosoiSxkqVicLptEnnb"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":580,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/cc24b2df78e44ef28c970dce299fa81e","width":803},"text":"","id":"QoGGduow6o6GC4xDgHUcFhUtnkH"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇捺画的写法：这两个笔画写法是一样的，只不过姿态方向不一。撇画是顿笔入纸后，向左方由重到轻行笔，直到收笔时形成一个尖的形状，捺画是轻笔入纸，逐渐加重，最后收笔时要顿一笔，再向右外方由重到轻送出笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"BMkqdSMGqosQMwxMzPmcHrIJnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"撇有斜撇、短撇、竖撇之分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SWGSdYm8ooQUuaxuSnUci2Xyn1b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜撇：斜撇的写法是，下笔稍重，由重到轻向左下行笔，收笔时出尖","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QkQUdYeMUoQAaWxArMCcbz5enyg"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":150,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/50e139ae66294936a7c13d56d9174e44","width":792},"text":"","id":"TK4edgge4oS4C0x2pAQcFmMRn2f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"短撇：短撇写法同斜撇，只是笔画较短。短撇在字头出现时，笔画形态较平（也有叫做平撇的），如“千、反、禾、后、丢”等字；短撇和撇点有时可以互换，特别是在字的左下部位出现时，往往写成撇点，如“真、典、只”等字。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LYOQdMkuioOuQcx484ucGjz8n9c"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":143,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/715315c9e8aa436e84226c515bfca49f","width":795},"text":"","id":"YWswdUOQYoUi0IxcC4zcjnbFnBn"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"竖撇：竖撇下笔稍重，由重到轻向下行笔，行至撇的长度三分之二处，向左下撇出，收笔时出尖。带风字头的字（如风、凤、凰、凡等）的竖撇弧度更大，需注意区别。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DyEad8ueEoyM8sxXEhHcJURnnkY"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/83ce4daee65e422282b25fd0bed951fd","width":791},"text":"","id":"WYeMdWA4KoYmKkxg1pgcMXIknWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"捺有斜捺和平捺之分。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DY0EdcumYoCAeGxMBIjcGVKYnsg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"斜捺：下笔较轻，向右下由轻到重行笔，行至捺脚处重按笔，然后向右水平方向由重到轻提笔拖出，收笔出尖。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ImoYd6QSSoucKKxmq5wcpkCfnme"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":151,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/00ec88123f314bfab6941946c20fa8b8","width":799},"text":"","id":"B604dE4WEoyoKexUv1zcZY0snYg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"平捺：写法同斜捺，但下笔时先要写一小短横，然后再向右下方向行笔。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GkSad4MwUoi22ExzqQYcaMCinb1"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":147,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"练习笔画","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/a4bf18b1a2d64db59728ff3d37928e13","width":794},"text":"","id":"T6mydowkwoCWwIxIrOccgglinCd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Qq0Ed6cs8ocA0kxRrZsciC2cnMZ"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WA68dym4ioGgISx8v5ycgKi3ndb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在有了一定字形基础后，可逐渐向复杂字形延伸学习。因为汉字间架结构非常多，包括上下结构、上中下结构、左右结构、左中右结构、独体字等等，其训练原则是由易到难、由简单到复杂的顺序来学习。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HKWidMgaWoWGEExIv2McpxW8ned"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"具体结构分析","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LAuOduGycoYQUmxklzeclt8Hn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"一、上、下结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"ISeqdaKsuoew2cx2hyhcZBljnZe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"剧有主角配角、画有近景远景，字有主笔和次笔。上下结构由两部分组成，我们要分析出来主笔和次笔，主笔也就是伸展笔画，是在上部还是下部，上下结构的字伸展笔画一般只讨论横向伸展。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AqUcd4cW8o44y0xUxmRcEhz5n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"上下结构主笔原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"IowedyGIIocOiAxKqn1cSRTtnCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"横向伸展笔画相排斥，上下两部分只能有一处伸展笔画，要么上宽下窄，要么上窄下宽。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GQ0EdQOaYou8Q8xo7cgcFUmFn7e"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、上下部有横向伸展笔画，以下部伸展优先。如图A","id":""}],"text":"","id":"KAE4dUG8goasGOxagpxco89mnSc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、下部没有横向笔画，上部有横向笔画，让上部伸展。如图B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"E0I2dcUkKoIG2GxUdmBcnMminYT"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、上下部都没有横向笔画，保持字体固有形态。如图C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Uwk2d4yOioAOQmxo3mpc7QDmnMd"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":144,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/f972276860de4b18ba9120c59a457e38","width":700},"text":"","id":"LGgWdIqiMoW6MSxchpfctPk1n4d"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸展类型","id":""}],"text":"","id":"K86odEgWaoiCguxiMTVcZvzUnLd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、不变得偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"CO6gdQwuWo0ouWxC2wZcXTdqnQg"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"伸展笔画始终伸展。如下图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GIW4dsCcEoaCCMxMLxzcquZBnMh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":679,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/05c2e51959b7479dadcaaf0d4242e940","width":684},"text":"","id":"PCcod8MGwoekSuxWBwVc7ekzn20"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、变化得偏旁","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QsgWdqMMioYIICx6Nb0c8Q5anfd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"a 、位置不变，随其他笔画变化而变化。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"AG60dsKKMosewcxeqp8cqvwHnJc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"下部有伸展笔画，以下部伸展笔画优先。如下图","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EiI6dGSgYoe0yexwfQmcLbIknMc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":871,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/198c6a80b0cd4d74b2dbd6bb43e25008","width":641},"text":"","id":"J2gkdEuI4oGQacxym0yczUzEnef"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"b、位置变化（伸展笔画不同）","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GiEYdi4EAoYUMwxoFOlctLYjnTe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":" ","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NcECds4O0ommmAxkZjNcUei8nig"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":533,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/8637c456f31547d8bf81a4e0696408b3","width":656},"text":"","id":"CUUKdwgKyoEEiOxemNvctWwmnRh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"T0MOd8GIcoKC6oxVMJHccuCjnkd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"二、左右结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OKysdgUkAoUA86xwPizcMaIBnec"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、在现代汉字中，左右结构的字占65%左右，左右结构的字以抑左扬右（左收右放）的原则。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EOWCdgSwwooqowxaSfEcMmDqnIb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、伸展原则","id":""}],"text":"","id":"QIMgdgmeYoSesaxGAnkcpQqcnIf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"A、左右有横定收缩。如图A","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LkOYdU2auoiE0Qx8MhlciaqlnHb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"B、左右有竖（非贯通整个字的竖画）定伸展。如图B","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Lww4da8Moo4ECkxqmNOcLeg2n2b"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"C、左右都有纵向伸展笔画，右部伸展优先。如图C","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FCoOdeIi8oisqIxkojSc2lqlngb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"D、左右都有横，右部伸展优先。如图D","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W26SdGw60oC06CxCuL9cLNBYn7b"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":301,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字的结构","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/e9fb57cc01664b0585c8c94dbbf93061","width":632},"text":"","id":"NK4WdyI4MoeAcSxaIxmcoSJLnOd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UwkCdiyc4oqkq4xyG03cLjSBn7f"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"三、独体字结构","id":""}],"text":"","id":"DYwKdIIWCo6aECxuYIvcK2XQnDd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"独体字太多不一一讲解，总的原则是","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Xw2QdQocwoqGWixqMx0c4KGZnIh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、左收右放","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EG8IdUqaSoso4wxU1WrcBMqDnXN"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、找准伸展笔画","id":""}],"text":"","id":"VGSWdkMAeoKiAixMr8fcKVLGnfm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、讲究黑白平衡，就是字笔画的平衡和留白的平衡。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"XcOCdSAo2oyKaGxqI9scqP6Envc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"JmYedEmeIoueeuxwIs0cpJ8dnqb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"汉字间结构规律","id":""}],"text":"","id":"UKakdSE6koKuaCxembscpKyQnxf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、整齐端正，中心平稳；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"TcYQdMa8ioK8o8xefracIsMZnhb"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、笔画匀称，疏密得宜；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"S2Y0dUeuAo2QOExM9Ffc7Giinie"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、比例恰当，形态自然；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HWgedG2OCoIgMYxm4JWcraidnve"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"4、点画呼应，气势连贯；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"NomAdSEkqoIUeSxKc2yc4Vennye"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"5、笔画避就，偏旁迎让；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"P62MdaUU8ooSsqxKqt5csd1Wn6E"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"6、俯仰有致，向背分明；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"LOQCdSqSeoiuYWxqgx5cQlHMnXm"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"7、中宫收紧，主画舒展；","id":""}],"text":"","id":"W4CidCW2koSEc2xqkJOcD3jRnHd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"8、同画异写，同形求变。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OCeqd6uCcoCI4AxZTtncdcKEnBd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"GiyYdEgCwoeMsGxU1fRc736Inwg"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"单字训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"WoYsdGmIsoQsyMxKCjGcMIVxnAe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"在进行单字练习时，应当本着由易到难的原则进行。先选择一些简单书写的、笔画少的字来练习，如“口”、“木”、“三”、“交”、“永”等，它们中间既有笔画组合，也是字形训练的基础。练习时主要采取精准临摹为佳，许多人在学习初期采用描红的方法，值得推荐给入门学习者。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"J2Gwdy0IgomOuGxYp1fchfTMnpc"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":400,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"单字训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/03dab82e333d4f039f5d97396c00930e","width":400},"text":"","id":"MO8Md6S44o4oUYxWILTcIoFlnCe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FyAUdyWMgo8IOoxg3iHcVg12nvh"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法训练","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Fe8WdoEQWoOoCAx6Sxuc9gugnob"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法就是硬笔书法的作品形式安排，例如如何写一首唐诗的硬笔书法作品，就要涉及到行、列字数、行数、列数的安排，其主要原则是：排列整齐、行列对齐。正文与落款要符合书法的基本要求。尤其是在落款时，要写上年月和姓名，有印章的话，也要盖上印章最好，这就是一幅完整的书法作品了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"V4GAdMiEMoSWIuxaq8xc7S2ZnNe"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"章法训练时，可借鉴或临摹其他人的作品，等自己熟练了以后，再逐步过渡到自己的创作中。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"FkIqdKoSwoGs6uxQNVicnZh4nqf"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"总之，硬笔书法入门最困难的是要过临摹关，这个时期是打基础的阶段，只有把这个基础打牢靠了，后面的书写才会形成良好的习惯，进入到书写或创作中就不再困难了。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RyGudSygIoc22QxgTDncYTJPnCe"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":438,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"章法训练","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/9230a951c7504ddd8ebf0148330d0785","width":790},"text":"","id":"CAKwdQECCoeCk8x4Uf6c0s9HnRc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"OQIIdmO2Aok2ioxYJxYcnLRynPb"},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":3},"children":[{"type":"text","text":"写好书法要点","id":""}],"text":"","id":"Toogd4O4EoIUE4xKANqcbGCmn43"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"PwCSduqcQoMC8AxYrGgcLoWznNd"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"1、明确目的， 端正态度，下定练好字的决心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"EAYwd6M2Eo8yEAx0ajtczbijnWc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要充分认识练字的重大意义，树立想学、愿学、刻苦学好的信心，排除思想障碍，坚决改正不良的书写习惯。如果认为写字好坏无关紧要，当然就不会认真学。如果单凭兴趣去学，也往往会一遇到困难， 就松懈下来，半途而废。所以，立志是写好字的前提。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"SyYMdm02so8ogUxOuCTc9ZannZc"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"2、培养兴趣，增强信心。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RWUqdwwwKoCgaAxoDftc45LJnrh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"要学好一门知识或技术，首先要喜欢它，要有兴趣。兴趣有先天的，也有后天培养起来的。要培养一个人的兴趣，关键在于要有培养这种兴趣的条件。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"RC2udukoqogS8QxwX3OccYHcnHh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"3、勤加练习，熟能生巧。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X2EEdEOAyo88KSxSEMHcDuYInCh"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"时间充裕的时候可多做些大幅的临摹练习或是创作，零散的时间可做些个别难字的练习，没有笔和纸的情况下可以做“划地划被”(以枝条为笔在地面上书写)和“书空”练习(用手指在空中默写临摹过的范字)。总之，只有多加练习，自己的书法才能写的好。","id":""}],"text":"","id":"X0YsdEksgoKEKExyEHScnViHnmh"},{"type":"image","attrs":{"height":315,"note":[{"type":"text","text":"写好书法要点","id":""}],"url":"https://p3.douyinpic.com/large/tos-cn-i-qvj2lq49k0/c67f4a83f42f45f581fed263ab9b620c","width":560},"text":"","id":"FCqwdcIaooCk8kxibOQcPSy6n7Y"},{"type":"paragraph","children":[{"type":"text","text":"","id":""}],"text":"","id":"HkMedusSeoa84gxSUhDcQOLYnCb"}]%3C%2Fhowto_content%3E

5. 海尔冰箱458wdiau1上市时间

冰箱宽度小于800的有以下几款:

       1.（Haier）冰箱376升，一级能效，三门，全空间保鲜功能、冷冻保鲜效果比普通冰箱好很多。

       产品尺寸：深675mm；宽595mm；高2005mm。

      2.（Hisense）食神系列328升。一级能效法式四门，整机杀菌，抗菌率99.99%以上。

       产品尺寸（深×宽×高）：655×625×1855

       3.(Ronshen)【离子净味系列】325升。一级能效，全空间净化=，除菌净味除乙烯三效合一。

        产品尺寸（深×宽×高）mm：655*625*1855

       4.(Haier) 冰箱328升。法式四门对开门，一级能效，三档变温。

       产品尺寸（深×宽×高）：深681.5mm；宽640mm；高1804mm

        5.(Midea)425升。一级能效，宽度753MM，双制冷循环。